Unit 1
Knowledge: sth that can be learned
Skills: sth that only can be gained through practice or training,
Language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing
higherLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication。
Views on language：
1、ladbrokesStructural view （language competence）
—The founder： Saussure
心理健康教育的意义
—The structural view of language es language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology） 2、sound combinations（morphology）3、 meaning for communication（syntax）
counterproposal
—
Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。
2 、Functional view
— Reprentative： Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar)
—The function view not only es language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things
—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it
U the linguistic structure to express functions
3、Interactional view （communicative competence）
— Emphasis：appropriateness
— Language is a communicative tool，which main u is to build up and maintain social relations between people
—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context
—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary
Language teacher qualifications：
1、a good command of spoken and written language
2、formulate theory presupposition
3、language background and experience
4、know how languages are learnt
5、the ability to u methods in various situations
6、deep understanding of cultural background
7、understanding the principles of teaching
The elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion， professional qualities and personal styles
View on language learning
1. Psycholinguistic: the relationship between language and thinking.
1) Thinking in language
2)Language is necessary for thought.
3)Language acquisition(语言习得)
4)Learners in their earlier years acquire control over esntial structure of their language without special teaching and learning in a effortless and almost an unconscious way (like the formation of a habit) people prefer first language acquisition to first language learning.
2.carrots Cognitive theory: the rule for people to aware to cognize sth.
Cognitive process:
Process: input----absorb----output
Language learning is not just stimulate-reflection, but the using of our subjective capabilities, the using of our cognitive ability to think the language and studying it actively.
男士美白3. Constructivist theory: learning is a process of meaning construction bad on learner’s own knowledge and experience.
S ----------AT------------R
(刺激) (反应)
Stimulus: assimilation ① and accommodation②
aprilfool1把外部知识纳入自身
2纳入自身后也不相符，就要对原有知识进行改变，也就是一种原有知道和外部知识保持联系的创新的过程。
Unit 2
1. CLT（交际英语教学）: it is an approach that considers the functional and social factors in language, emphasizes that the aim of language teaching is to help the learners acquire communicative ability. It offers an effective way to learn language through language u.
二年级英语The basis: the theory of sociology and sociolinguistic.
2. Language has two functions: A. the transactional function→to express the context B. the interactional(相互影响的) function→to show social relations and personal attitude
Language is ud to perform certain communication functions; u all skills: A. Receptive skill: listening and reading B. Productive skill: speaking and writing; ud in a certain social context: teach the part of language in real life rather than all the language students develop all the language skills.
3. Traditional pedagogy (传统教学法): focus on the forms of language.
4. Traditional class VSemerge>continental. CLT
Listening: to the teacher, to the tape →sth.unpredictable, sth.authentic, aningful
Reading: learning language →get information, exact meaning, different skills
Speaking: repeating, answering, retelling →ating, express onelf
Writing: composition, translation →write to express onelf, one’s feeling, one’s thought; write what people write in the way people write.
5. Linguistic Competence (= language com.)
Chomsky: tacit knowledge of language structures and the ability to u the knowledge to understand and produce language.
6. Communicative Competence
Both knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to u the language in communicative situation appropriately.
7. Features of CLT:
1.focus on developing communicative competence
