考研英语二（阅读）-试卷3
(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)
2017年3月30日一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)
1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）
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解析：
2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.tuesday（分数：10.00）
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解析：
Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of s
cientific discovery. " Now it is the time to reach a level of rearch and development not en since the height of the space race," he declared. He praid projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on rearch. As The Economist went to press, America"s government was about to do the opposite. Federal spending is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl over the deficit. Complex politics triggered this" quester "(Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction)but the quester itlf is brutally simple. America will cut $ 85 billion from this year"s budget(about 2.5% of spending), split between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is R&D, and medical rearch in particular. For years America has enjoyed pre-eminence in rearch, but this is fading. Chine investment(including both public and private money)more than quintupled from 2000 to 2010, to $ 160 billion, in 2005 prices. America"s R&D spending ro by just 22% over that period, according to the OECD. Rearch also make up a smaller portion of America"s economy than some other countries". In a ranking of R&D spending as a share of GDP, America came tenth in 2011. A decade earlier it was sixth. Nevertheless, A重庆高考成绩查询系统入口官网
merica remains the world"s biggest engine for innovation. It spent $ 366 billion on rearch in 2011 , compared with $ 275 billion by all 27 countries of the European Union. Despite China"s rapid ascent, America still spends more than twice as much on R&D. Subsidies help. America"s government pays for about one-third of all domestic rearch and for most basic science. Medicine is one of the main beneficiaries. America"s National Institutes of Health(NIH)is the world"s biggest funder of biomedical rearch. It pays for risky basic science; companies pay for later stages of development. For example, the NIH supported early rearch into monoclonal antibodies. By 2010 such rearch underpinned five of America"s 20 bestlling drugs. As drug firms trim their budget, the NIH"s work is becoming even more vital. But since 2003 , inflation-adjusted spending on medical rearch has declined.（分数：10.00）
(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that______.（分数：2.00）
A.U. S. will spend more on rearch
B.Obama objected to the project to map the human brain
北京英语培训迈格森 C.Obama praid scientists" endeavour on scientific rearch √
级差地租&rative medicine is an area America focus on for long
解析：解析：根据选项[A]定位到文章首段最后两句：This would mean spending more on re—arch．As The Economist went to press，America’s government was about to do the opposite．最后一句意为：美国政府却将反其道而行。可见美国不会在研究领域投入更多开支，因此选项[A]是错误的。选项[B]对应该段第三句：He praid projects to map the human brain and accelerateregenerative medicine．可见Obama对于绘制人脑图的态度是支持的，而非反对的，故该项错误。根据“…called for a new era of scientific discovery”以及“He praid projects to map the hu—man brain and accelerate regenerative medicine”可知选项[C]项是正确的。文章提到了regener—ative medicine，但并没有说美国关注这个领域已经很久了，for long一词在原文未体现，故选项[D]错误。
(2).Government expenditure is planned to be squeezed becau of______.（分数：2.00）
& much loans and foreign debtsenglish corner
B.the long-term brawl over spending
& much spending on military programs
D.the long-term argument about the fiscal deficit 6661√
解析：解析：根据题干定位到第二段首句：Federal spending is due to be cut…其中题干中的government expenditure=federal spending；is planned to=is due to；be squeezed=be cut。故确定答案来源为该句话。原文中的the result of相当于题干中的becau of，故本题答案原文为：along brawl over the deficit(长期关于财政赤字的争吵)．与选项[D]the long—term argument aboutthe fiscal deficit相符。其中，long=long-term；brawl=argument；deficit=fiscal deficit。故答案为选项[D]。
(3).The underlined word " quester"(Para 2, Line 2)refers to______.（分数：2.00）
&duction of spending √
B.brawl over the deficit
weekend C.dysfunction of Congress
D.augment of federal spending
解析：解析：首先确定答案来源，即第二段第一、二句：Federal spending is due to be cut on March1st，the result of a long brawl over the deficit．Complex politics triggered this“quester”…因为文中出现this“quester”，由this一词可以得知“quester”在上文应该出现过，故确定解题信息来自上一句，即第二段第一句。提取该句主干信息，得出：Federal spending is due to be cut．故可以确定“quester”指代“联邦支出将被削减”。四个选项中，与之相关的是选项[A]和[D]两项，其中选项[A]中的“reduction减少”对应“cut削减”；而选项[D]中的“augment增加”与之相反，故确定本题答案为选项[A]。
(4).We learn from Paragraphs 3&4 that______.（分数：2.00）
A.America is no more the world"s No. 1 engine for innovation
B.America"s dominance in rearch is not as eminent as before √
英语演讲比赛英文 C.China spends twice more on R&D compared with America
D.Chine investment has doubled from 2000 to 2010
解析：解析：选项[A]对应第四段首句：Nevertheless，America remains the world’s biggest enginefor innovation．可见该项错误，其中no more与原文中的remains表达意义相反。选项[B]对应第三段首句：For years America has enjoyed pre-eminence in rearch，but this is fading．可见该项正确。其中“this is fading”表示美国在研究领域的领导地位正在衰退。选项[C]对应原文第四段第三句：Despite China’s rapid ascent，America still spends more than twice as much on R&D．可见美国开支是中国的两倍多，而非该项说的中国的开支比美国多了两倍，故该项错误。选项[D]对应原文第三段第二句：Chine investment(including both public and private money)morethan quintupled from 2000 to 2010，可见中国投资是翻了五倍，而非翻了两倍，因此该项错误。本题答案为选项[B]。
(5).We know from the last paragraph that NIH______.（分数：2.00）
gre机考流程 A.is the world"s biggest funder of all medical rearch
B.pays for basic science and later stages of development
C.didn"t support early rearch of monoclonal antibodies
D.plays an important role in America"s medical rearch √
解析：解析：选项[A]对应最后一段第二句:．．．(NIH)is the world’s biggest funder of biomedicalrearch．原文说的是biomedical rearch，而非all medical rearch，故选项[A]错误。选项[B]对应第三句：It pays for risky basic science；companies pay for later stages of development．后期费用是由公司出的，而非NIH，故选项[B]错误。选项[C]对应第四句：For example，the NIH sup—ported early rearch into monoclonal antibodies．可见该项与原文是黑白颠倒，故错误。原文先提到：(NIH)is the world"s biggest funder of biomedical rearch．后又提到：As drug firms trim theirbudget，the NIH’s work is becoming even more vital．可见选项[D]表达是正确的。
In 2009 the European Commission carried out an investigation into Microsoft. The American software giant tied Internet Explorer, its web browr, into Windows, the operating system in the great majority of personal computers. This, thought the commission, might be an abu of its dominance in operating systems: buy a PC, and unl
ess you took the trouble of choosing otherwi, you would brow the web through Explorer. In December that year Microsoft promid that until 2014 it would provide a "choice screen" , asking European Windows urs whether they wanted to install another browr. The screen first turned up in March 2010. Jolly good—but Microsoft forgot to keep its word. On March 6th the competition commissioner, Joaquin Almunia, said he had fined it 561m($ 732m)for not including the choice screen with 15m copies of Windows software between May 2011 and July 2012. Neither Microsoft nor the commission spotted the lap. It ems that eventually other companies did. The fine must sting all the more becau Microsoft"s transgression brought it little if any gain. Explorer has fallen behind Chrome, made by Google, and Firefox, made by Mozilla, a non-profit organization. And people are doing more and more browsing on smartphones and tablets, the domain of Apple, Google and their browrs. Microsoft"s antitrust woes in Europe should have been over. In 2004 it was fined 497 m for trying its media player and rver operating systems with it PC system. In 2008 it copped another 899m penalty for failing to comply with the commission"s ruling in that ca. Lately it has been among the accurs of Google, whic
h Mr Almunia has been investigating since 2010. He suspects Google of abusing a position in online arch every bit as imposing as Microsoft"s in PC operating systems. Bing, Microsoft"s arch engine, is a distant cond. The commissioner believes that Google may be favouring its own specialid rvices at rival"s expen; that its deals with publishers may unfairly exclude competitors; and that it prevents advertirs from taking their data elwhere. Mr Almunia asked Google to propo by the end of January ways of meeting his concerns. He has not yet said what it suggested or how he will respond. European antitrust cas have a habit of dragging on. Just ask Microsoft.（分数：10.00）
