2000年10月第四篇Questions 30-40
题目解析
30. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week
(B)Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week
(C) A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in veral industries
(D)Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution
解析：本文按照时间顺序主要讲工作时间的变化。
31. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century
(A)remained constant
(B)decread slightly
(C)decread significantly
(D)incread significantly
解析：文章1-2行According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life.说史前每天工作3-4小时；文章2-5行Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm.说18-19世纪每天工作10-12小时。由此可见，工作时间增长了许多。
32. The word "norm" in line 4 is clost in meaning to
(A)minimum.
(B)example
(C)possibility
(D)standard
解析：norm, 标准。standard, 标准，规格。minimum, 最小值。example, 例子，例题。possibility, 可能性。
33. The word "henceforth" in line 13 is clost in meaning to
(A)in the end
发型设计培训(B)for a brief period
(C)from that time on
(D)on occasion
解析：henceforth, 自从..以后。
34. The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to
(A)the 60-hour workweek
(B)the reduction in the cost of automobiles
(C)the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories
(D)the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghou
解析：通过15行的idea定位文章11-13行。In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would clo for the entire day on Saturday.从而找到亨利福特减少了他的汽车工厂的工作时间这件事情受到了工人们的欢迎。
35. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the
United States during the 1930's?
(A)Several people sometimes shared a single job.
(B)Labor strikes in veral countries influenced labor policy in the United States.
(C)Several corporations incread the length of the workweek.
(D)The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.
解析：文章16-17行The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around正是选项A的改写。
36. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purpos of the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 ?
(A)To discourage workers from asking for incread wages椭圆面积公式
(B)To establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek
(C)To allow employers to t the length of the workweek for their workers
(D)To restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek
解析：文章19-20行and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States.提到目的就是建立一个工作时间的标准。
37. The word "mandated" in line 18 is clost in meaning to
(A)required
(B)recommended
(C)eliminated
(D)considered
解析：mandate, 命令，要求，批准。require, 要求，命令。recommend, 推荐，介绍，劝告。eliminate, 排除，消除，除去。consider, 考虑，照顾。
38. The word "immutable" in line 21 is clost in meaning to
tiredness
(A)unmatched
(B)irregular
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(C)unnecessary
(D)unchangeable
解析：immutable, 不可变的，永恒的。unchangeable, 不变的。unmatched, 不可匹敌的，不匹配的。irregular, 不规则的。
39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has been
declining since the nineteenth century?
(A)The half-day holiday (line 7)
(B)Henry Ford (lines 11-12)
(C)United States Steel and Westinghou (line 14)
(D)German metalworkers (line 21)
解析：文章14-15段At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghou说Ford收到了一些公司如United States Steel and Westinghou的批评，可见United States Steel and Westinghou是反对降低工作时间的。
40. According to the passage, one goal of the Japane government is to reduce the average annual
amount of work to
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(A)1,646 hours
(B)1,800 hours
(C)1,957 hours
(D)2,088 hours
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解析：文章23-25行the Japane government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has t a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker.明确指出为1800小时。挑剔的意思
文章翻译：
根据人类学家的调查，史前社会的人们每天工作3至4小时，每周大约20小时来维持基本生计。然而，比较来说，近代每周工作量开始于工业革命时期(1760‐1840)，那时每个工作日工作10‐12小时，每周六个工作日是标准工作量。即便人们花大量时间来工作，收入和生活水平依旧很低。随着快要工业革命结束时的工资增长，周六下午休息半天变得越来越普遍。在19世纪70年代的英国，半天休息日成为标准惯例，但这一惯例在美国直到20世纪20年代才实行。
在美国，20世纪的头三分之一经历了每周60小时的工作时间到20世纪30年代开始时的每周正好低于50小时的变化。1914年，亨利福特把他的汽车工厂的每日工作时间从9小时降低到8小时。1926年，他宣布从近以后他的工厂周六全天休息。那时，福特受到了其它公司像美国钢铁和维斯丁豪斯的批评，但这种观点得到了工人的支持。
随着20世纪30年代萧条年代的到来，把得到的工作分享给其它人的概念也应运而生。美国每周工作时间跌倒了近代以来最低的35小时。1938年，公平劳动标准法案要求从1940年开始，每周工作时间最大量为40小时，从那时起，每天8小时，每周5天工作日就成为美国的标准工作时间。然而，各个地方
辛普森一家第二季
秋季运动会广播稿的调整说明，这个标准并不是一成不变的。比如说1987年德国金属制造工罢工要求每周工作37.5小时并获得这一结果。1990年英国很多工人争取到了每周工作37小时。自从1989年，日本政府就从每周6天工作日改为了每周5天工作日，并且对于中等技工设定了每年工作1800小时的国家目标。1989年，相比美国的1957小时和法国的1646小时来说，日本平均每人每年的工作量是2088小时。
文章生词：
Paragraph 1
anthropologist n.人类学者, 人类学家重庆培训机构
preindustrial adj.未工业化的, 工业化前的
comparison n.比较, 对照, 比喻, 比较关系
the Industrial
Revolution n.工业革命
