dolomite（1）多元化经营
(1) diversification
多元化经营最早是由美国学者安索夫于1957年在《哈佛商业评论》上提出的，他指出“多元化是用新的产品去开发新的市场，多元化经营主要是针对企业的产品数量而言”。这种定义现在看来是不准确的，因为产品高度相关的企业和产品高度不相关的企业，即使两者的产品种类数量相同但两者的多元化程度肯定是不同的。1959年彭罗斯在《企业成长理论》中提出“多元化是企业在原有产品生产的前提下扩展其生产活动，开发新产品的生产。企业最终产品的增加，垂直一体化的增加都属于企业的多元化”。他的理论弥补了安索夫的不足，但是却将企业一体化和多元化混为一谈。随着多元化理论的不断完善和发展。多元化经营出现了以下的定义：多元化经营是企业为了获得最大的经营效益或为了进行长期的经营，通过发开具有潜力的产品，合并其他的企业，从而丰富其产业结构的经营模式，是企业为了谋求发展的一种长期战略规划。
Diversification is the earliest scholar ansoff in 1957 by the United States in the harvard business review, he pointed out that \"diversification is to develop new markets with new products, diversification in terms of the number of products, mainly for enterpris\". This definition is now appears to be inaccurate, becau the product is highly relevant enterpris and products highly relevant, even if the
大量的英文two products is the same number but the degree of diversification is certainly different. Penro in 1959 in the enterpri growth theory, put forward \"under the premi of diversification is the enterpri in the production of original products to expand its production activities, production of new product development. Enterpri final product increas, the increa of the vertical integration\" belong to enterpri diversification. His theory made up for the inadequacy of ansoff, but the enterpri integration and diversification. With the constant improvement of diversification theory and development. Diversification appeared the following definition: diversification is one of the largest business companies in order to obtain benefits or for long term business, through hair open potential products, combined with other enterpris, so as to enrich its business model of industrial structure, is the enterpri in order to ek the development of a long-term strategic planning.
多元化经营可以分为：相关多元化经营和非相关多元化经营。当公司超过30%的收入来自非主导业务且业务之间有某种联系时，该公司采取的就是相关多元化经营，他强调的是协同经营，也就是范围经济。企业可以通过行业之间的相关性，实现资源互补，从而降低产品成本，以获取更大的效益。不相关多元化经营是指企业进入与现有业务行业没有明显相关性的行业。相对于相关多元化经营，不相关多元化经营更强调资金上的协同。公司通过内部或外部投资，通过财务上的协调实现优化配置，从而节约成本。
Diversity management can be divided into: related diversification and unrelated diversification. When the company more than 30% of its revenue from the non-dominant when there is a link between business and business, the company has taken is related diversification, he emphasizes the collaborative management, economies of scope. Enterpri can through the correlation between industry, realize complementary resources, to reduce the product cost, in order to get more benefits. Unrelated diversification is refers to the enterpris to enter, there was no significant correlation with the existing business industry in the industry. Compared with the related diversification, unrelated diversification on more emphasis on synergy. Company through internal or external investment, realize optimization configuration through the financial coordination, thus saving the cost.
（2）企业核心竞争力和多元化经营的关系
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(2) the enterpri core competitiveness and diversification of the relationship
企业核心竞争力最早是在1990年由普拉哈拉德和哈默尔提出的，他们认为“企业核心竞争力是一种学识，是企业长期积累可以增加企业竞争力的学识”。现在，学术界普遍将企业的核心竞争力定义为：企业长期形成并且融入企业内部，从而来支撑企业的竞争优势。核心竞争力有很多表现形式，如技术壁
垒、管理方法、资金保障、顾客忠诚度等相关资源。Enterpri core competitiveness was first made in 1990 by Mr Prahalad and hamel argues, they believe that \"enterpri core competitive ability is a kind of knowledge, can increa the competitiveness of enterpris is the enterpri long-term accumulation of knowledge\". Now, academic circles is generally the enterpri's core competitiveness is defined as: the enterpri formed for a long time and integrated into the enterpri internal, thus to support the competitive advantage of enterpris. Core competitiveness has many forms, such as technical barriers, management method, financial curity, such as customer loyalty related resources.
企业的核心竞争力和多元化经营之间是相互辩证的。基于企业的核心竞争力有助于发展多元化经营。企业的核心竞争力是企业进行多元化经营的基础，同时多元化经营也会影响到企业的核心竞争力。首先多元化经营的成败对于企业的核心竞争力具有反作用，当进行多元化经营的企业在一个行业取得成功时，往往会提升企业的核心竞争力，促使企业继续维持其产业优势；反之则会削弱企业的核心竞争力，使企业丧失原有的竞争优势。其次多元化经营可以不断地完善和发展企业的核心竞争力。企业的核心竞争力是企业在长期经营中形成的。多元化经营往往会给企业带来更多经济，技术，管理等相关的优势，并逐渐演变成为企业的核心竞争力。
神探夏洛特Between the enterpri's core competitiveness and diversification is dialectical. Bad on the core c
ompetitiveness of the enterpri helps to develop diversified. Enterpri's core competitive ability is the basis of diversified enterpri, at the same time, diversification can also affect the enterpri's core competitiveness. First diversification of success or failure has adver effect on enterpri's core competitiveness, as the diversification of business success in an industry, often can improve enterpri's core competitiveness, encourage enterpris to maintain the industry advantages; Converly will weaken the core competitiveness of the enterpri, make enterpri lost the original competitive advantage. Second diversification can continuously improve and develop core competitiveness of the enterpri. Core competitiveness of the enterpri is formed in the enterpri in the long run. Diversified management often can give enterpri to bring more economic, technology, management and other related advantages, and gradually evolved into the core competitiveness of the enterpri.shielding
二、企业进行多元化经营的原因
解决方案英文Second, the diversification of enterpri management
（1）分散风险的需求
鸡鸣馌耕(1) the diversification of demandyy什么意思
单一化经营很容易受到国家宏观调控等外界因素的影响，风险较高。而多元化经营的企业可以将经营资源分散到不同行业中，当企业一个相关行业受到政府市场的风险影响遭遇经营亏损时，企业可通过其他行业盈利来弥补相关行业的亏损，从而使企业受到的整体风险降到最低。
Simplified operation is easily affected by external factors, such as national macroeconomic regulation and control, the risk is higher. And diversification of business can be resources scattered in different ctors, when enterpris in a relevant industry affected by the government, the market risk suffered operating loss, the enterpri can through the other industry profits to make up the
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loss of the relevant industry, thus make the enterpri overall risk to a minimum.
elder（2）成长发展的需求
(2) the growth and development needs
多元化经营是企业成长的主要途径之一。企业可以利用其核心竞争力来通过多元化经营继续创造价值。企业在单一化经营时，市场的成长空间有限，所以通过多元化经营来开拓企业相关市场，多元化经营可以使企业有更多的市场力量，从而凭借其规模在不同的经营领域占有优势。
Diversification is one of the main ways of enterpri growth. Enterpris can take advantage of its core competitiveness through diversified continue to create value. Business in simplifying assumptions, market growth space is limited, so through the related enterpri diversified management to exploit market, diversification can make the enterpri have more market power, which, with its scale in different business areas to have the advantage.
tuneup三、企业多元化经营面临的挑战
Three, the challenge for the enterpri diversification
（1）多元化的经营会导致企业经营成本的增加。相对于单一的专业化经营，多元化经营更需要企业在技术，管理，资金等资源上付出大量的成本。企业的资源是有限的，如果不能合理的配置资源，盲目的进行多元化经营，势必会对企业的运营带来巨大的风险，甚至导致企业因资金等问题破产倒闭。
(1) diversity management will lead to the incread cost of enterpri management. Specialized business, relative to a single diversified need more enterpri in technology, management, funding and other resources on a lot of cost. Enterpri's resources are limited, if not reasonable configuration resource, blind diversification, is bound to bring huge risk to enterpri's operation, even result in business becau of funding problems, such as bankruptcy.
（2）多元化的经营一定程度上容易使企业做出错误的战略决策。企业在进行多元化经营时，对于某些刚涉足的新型行业不太熟悉，所以在这种情况下，企业做出的战略决策很容易出现错误。许多企业由于抵挡不住市场的诱惑，在其主导产业尚未成熟时，就盲目的将主要资源用于其他的行业，严重违背了企业的成长规律，使得企业的主导行业地位没有得到巩固，降低了市场竞争力，而涉足的新行业也没有在市场上站住脚。企业过快的进入多个行业会使资金分配紧张，资本结构恶化，埋下重大隐患。
(2) diversified management to some extent, easier to make the enterpri make the wrong strategic decisions. In diversified business, the new industry not familiar for some started, so in this ca, the enterpri to make strategic decisions is very prone to error. Many enterpris due to withstand the temptation of the market, in its leading industry is not yet ripe, blindly, will focus resources to other industries, riously violated the growth law of enterpri, make enterpri's status as a leading industry is not reinforced, reduces the market competitiveness, and involved in the new industry is also not stand in the market. Enterpri too quickly into multiple industries can make the allocation of funds nervous, deterioration of capital structure, buried under the great hidden trouble.
李娜英语（3）企业的多元化经营势必带来企业管理难度的增加从而导致企业管理质量的降低。企业在并购扩张拓展新兴行业时，相对于原先企业固有的经营行业企业有着成熟的管理模式，可随着经营的多元化，
企业的行业分支日益增多，而原有的管理模式并不能胜任现有的企业结构以致企业在进行内部管理时要从新洗牌，从而带来众多不便，致使管理质量大幅度降低。
(3) enterpri diversification management is bound to bring enterpri management the difficulty
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increa, lower quality and lead to enterpri management. Companies expand in mergers and acquisitions to expand in emerging industries, compared to the original enterpri inherent management industry has a mature management model, but along with the diversification of business, industry branch of enterpri is increasing, and the original management mode and is not up to the existing enterpris so that enterpris in the internal management structure to the new shuffle, thus bring many inconvenience, cau substantial decrea in quality management.
