Strategy is to perform activities differently. Strategy is about fit. Strategy is a process. 战略是以不同的方式开展活动。策略是关于健康的。战略是一个过程。
A strategy is an integrated and coordinated t of commitments and actions designed to exploit core competencies and gain a competitive advantage.战略是一套综合和协调的承诺和行动, 旨在利用核心能力和获得竞争优势。
Strategic competitiveness is achieved when a firm successfully formulates and implements a value-creating strategy. 学德语当企业成功地制定和实施价值创造战略时, 就会实现战略竞争力。
The strategic management process is the full t of commitments, decisions, and actions required for a firm to achieve strategic competitiveness and earn above-average returns. 战略管理过程是企业实现战略竞争力和获得高于平均水平的回报所需的一整套承诺、决定和行动。
Stakeholders are the individuals, groups, and organizations who can affect the firm’s vision and mission, are affected by the strategic outcomes achieved, and have enforceable claims
on the firm’s performance. 出生日期英文利益攸关方是能够影响公司愿景和使命的个人、团体和组织, 受所取得的战略成果的影响, 并对公司的业绩提出可执行的要求。
External Stakeholders. Customers. Suppliers. Alliance Partners. Creditors. Unions. Communities.
Governments外部利益相关者。客户。供应商。联盟合作伙伴。债权人。工会。社区。政府。Internal Stakeholders. Employees. Stockholders. Board Members内部利益相关者。员工。股东。董事会成员
Levels of Strategy
1. Corporate-level strategy
2. Concerned with the overall scope of an organization and how value is added to the constituent business of the organizational whole. 公司一级的战略 关注一个组织的总体范围以及如何为整个组织的组成业务增加价值。
3. Business-level strategy
4. About how the individual business should compete in their particular markets.
企业层面的战略 关于个别企业应该如何在其特定市场上竞争。
fingersmith
5. Operational strategies
6. Concerned with how the components of an organization deliver effectively the corporate- and business-level strategies in terms of resources, process and people.
运营战略 关注组织的组成部分如何在资源、流程和人员方面有效地实施公司和企业层面的战略。
战略管理的过程
1. External environment and internal organization are analyzed to determine resources, capabilities, and core competencies the sources of strategic inputs. 对外部环境和内部组织进行分析, 以确定资源、能力和核心能力, 作为战略投入的来源。
2. Vision and mission are developed; strategies are formulated. 制定愿景和使命;制定战略。
3. Strategies are implemented with the goal of achieving strategic competitiveness and above-average returns. 实施战略的目标是实现战略竞争力和高于平均水平的回报。
4. Continuously changing markets and industry conditions must match evolving strategic inputs. 不断变化的市场和行业条件必须与不断变化的战略投入相匹配。
Vision is a picture of what the firm wants to be and, in broad terms, what it wants to ultimately achieve. 愿景是公司希望成为什么样的人的写照, 从广义上讲, 它希望最终实现什么。
A mission specifies the business or business in hich the firm intends to compete and the customers intends to rve. 指定公司打算竞争的一个或多个企业, 客户打算为其服务。
CUSTOMER-ORIENTED MISSIONS: Define the firm in terms of solutions for customers以客户为中心的使命: 为客户定义公司的解决方案
PRODUCT-ORIENTED MISSIONSmarimo: Define the firm in terms of products or rvices面向产品的任务: 在产品或服务方面定义公司
The I/O model 产业组织模型
The industrial organization model of above-average returns explains the external environment’s dominant influence on a firm’s strategic actions.
The model specifies that the industry or gment of an industry in which a company choos to compete has a stronger influence on performance than do the choices managers make inside their organizations. 高于平均水平的产业组织模型解释了外部环境对企业战略行为的主导影响。 该模型规定, 公司选择竞争的行业或行业对业绩的影响大于管理者在组织内部做出的选择。
The R/B model 资源基础模型形象设计学校
The resource- bad model assumes that each organization is a collection of unique resources and capabilities.
The uniqueness of its resources and capabilities is the basis of a firm's strategy and its ability to earn above-average returns.fon 基于资源的模型假定每个组织都是唯一资源和功能的集合。其资源和能力的独特性是企业战略及其赚取高于平均水平回报的能力的基础。
五力模型
1. Threat of new entrant
2. Bargaining power of suppliers
3. Rivalry among competing firms
4. 运动康复专业Bargaining power of buyers
5. Threat of substitutes
A t of firms thatemphasize similarstrategic dimensions and u a similarstrategy is calleda strategic group.
The General Environment
becauof
1. Political
Gov’t pressures /Subsidies & incentives / Differences in countries, states, Countries & reg
ions政府不施压补贴和激励措施国家、州、国家和地区的差异
2. Economic
Growth rates/Interest rates/Employment levels/Currency exchange增长率利率就业水平货币兑换
3. Sociocultural
Norms, culture, values/Demographics/Lifestyle changes规范、文化、价值观、生活方式的改变
4. Technological
Innovation/Diffusion/Rearch & development创新扩散研究与发展
5. Environmental
raspberryGlobal warming/Sustainability/Pollution全球变暖可持续性污染
some
6. Legal
Court system/Legislation/Hiring laws, ADA, SBOX法院系统立法招聘法律, ada, sbox
OPPORTUNITY is a condition in the general environment that if exploited effectively, helps a company achieve strategic competitiveness.
