DNA提取的原则

更新时间:2023-07-09 20:16:57 阅读: 评论:0

DNA提取的原则
1.保证DNA一级结构的完整性 2.排除其它分子的污染(RNA、蛋白质、多糖等)
基因组DNA提取主要方法
SDS法  适用于动物组织,血液,细胞
原理
1.SDS 阴离子去垢剂 (高温(55~65℃)裂解细胞,蛋白变性,染色体离析)
2.高盐(KAc或NH4Ac) 或降低温度(冰浴)(使蛋白质及多糖杂质沉淀)
3.上清液中的DNA用酚/氯仿抽提(乙醇沉淀水相中的DNA)
SDS提取缓冲液的配方
rear是什么意思
  组份
Tris-HCl (pH8.0)
EDTA (pH8.0)
NaCl
SDS
终浓度
tiana 100mM英语四级几分过
  20 mM
1.4M
eyecatcher
2%(W/V)
1.Tris-HCl (pH8.0)提供一个缓冲环境,防止核酸被破坏;
2.EDTA螯合Mg2+或Mn2+离子,抑制DNa活性;
3.NaCl 提供一个高盐环境,使DNP充分溶解,存在于液相中;
4.SDS 裂解细胞,使蛋白变性,染色体离析;
SDS提取试剂盒
1.血液基因组DNA提取试剂盒
2.血液/细胞/组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒
3.病毒基因组DNA/RNA提取试剂盒
DNA提取基本步骤
1. 材料准备
1.新鲜材料,低温保存
北京会计培训学校
2.血液基因组DNA提取选择有核细胞
3.细胞培养时间不能过长
4.含病毒的液体材料提取前先富集
2.细胞裂解
1.针对不同材料,选择适当的裂解预处理方式:shuttlecock
2.动物组织--匀浆或液氮研磨
3.培养细胞--蛋白酶K
3.核酸分离纯化
1.采用吸附材料吸附分离DNA,应提供相应的缓冲体系
2.采用有机溶剂(酚/氯仿)抽提时应充分而轻柔的混匀
3.离心分离两相时,应保证一定的转速和时间
4.针对不同材料的特点,在提取过程中辅以相应的去杂质的方法
5.蛋白质的去除:(酚/氯仿抽提; 使用变性剂(SDS、异硫氰酸胍等; 蛋白酶处理)
6.多酚的去除:(加入还原剂:β-巯基乙醇、抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸、二硫苏糖醇等; 加入易与酚类结合的试剂:如PVP、PEG,可防止酚类与DNA的结合)
7.盐离子的去除:(70%的乙醇洗涤)
4.核酸沉淀
1.预冷的乙醇或异丙醇更充分沉淀
2.加入1/10体积的NaAc(pH5.2,3M)更充分沉淀
3.晾干DNA,让乙醇充分挥发
5. 若长期储存建议使用TE缓冲液溶解 pH值为8.0,可防止DNA发生酸解
问题
问题一:DNA降解
1.材料不新鲜、反复冻融或细胞衰老, 提取操作过于剧烈,DNA被打断,外源核酸酶污染.
2.低温保存,避免反复冻融; 液氮研磨或匀浆组织,应在解冻前加入裂解缓冲液; 增加裂解液中螯合剂的含量; 细胞裂解后操作应尽量轻柔; 试剂用无菌水配制,耗材经高温灭菌; DNA分装保存于缓冲液,避免反复冻融.
问题二: DNA样品不纯
1.DNA中含有蛋白、多糖、多酚类杂质; DNA在溶解前,有酒精残留,酒精抑制后续酶解反应; DNA中残留有金属离子.
2.重新纯化DNA,去除蛋白、多糖、多酚等杂质; 重新沉淀DNA,让酒精充分挥发; 增加70%乙醇洗涤的次数(2-3次)
问题三:DNA提取量少
1. 实验材料不佳或量少; 破壁或裂解不充分; 沉淀不完全; 洗涤时DNA丢失
2. 尽量选用新鲜(幼嫩)的材料
动植物要匀浆研磨充分
高温裂解时,时间适当延长(对于动物细胞、细菌可增加PK的用量)
低温沉淀,延长沉淀时间
加辅助物,促进沉淀
洗涤时,最好用枪头将洗涤液吸出,勿倾倒
Protocol 1  全血细胞DNA的抽提
QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit Protocol
For isolation of genomic DNA from 2 ml (1 ml) of whole blood.
提取2 ml (1 ml) 的全血基因组tcsDNA
Notes:
• Do not u more than 2 x 107 cells. For samples containing more than 2 x 107cells,
u QIAamp DNA Blood Maxi Kits.
不要提取超过2 ml 的血样。
• Samples should be equilibrated to room temperature (15–25°C) before starting.
样本提取前室温
• Prepare a 70°C water bath for u in step 3 of the protocol.
需要70°C水浴
• Equilibrate Buffer AE or water to ambient temperature for elution in step 11.
Buffer AE或水应处于室温。
• Ensure that Buffer AW1, Buffer AW2, and QIAGEN Protea have been prepared
according to instructions (pages 13 and 14).
AW1AW2与酶应按说明书备好。
• If a precipitate has formed in Buffer AL, redissolve by incubating at 56°C.
Buffer AL如果有沉淀,可以猫救小主人56°C溶解
• All centrifugation steps are carried out at room temperature.
所有离心室温进行
yaz flex
• U carrier DNA if the cell number is low, i.e., <20,000 genome equivalents per ml
(e page 13).
细胞过少需要可以加入DNA载体。
• Do not u a fixed-angle rotor.
1. Pipet 200 μl QIAGEN Protea into the bottom of a 15 ml centrifuge tube (not provided).
If the sample volume is less than 2 ml, reduce the amount of QIAGEN Protea
proportionally, e.g., u 100 μl QIAGEN Protea for 1 ml blood.
15 ml离心管中加入200 μl QIAGEN蛋白酶。
2. Add 2 ml blood and mix briefly.
If sample volume is less than 1 ml, add the appropriate volume of PBS.
Note: It is possible to add QIAGEN Protea (or Proteina K) to samples that have
already been dispend into microcentrifuge tubes. In this ca it is important to
ensure proper mixing after adding the enzyme.
加入2 ml全血混和。
3. Add 2.4 ml Buffer AL and mix thoroughly by vortexing at least 3 times, for 5 s each time.
If the initial sample volume was less than 2 ml, reduce the amount of Buffer AL
proportionally, e.g., u 1.2 ml Buffer AL for 1 ml blood.
To ensure adequate lysis, the sample must be mixed thoroughly with Buffer AL to yield
a homogenous solution.
Note: Do not add QIAGEN Protea directly to Buffer AL.
加入2.4 ml Buffer AL,振荡混合3次,每次5
an4. Incubate at 70°C for 10 min.
DNA yield reaches a maximum after lysis for 10 min at 70°C, but longer incubation
times will not adverly affect yield.
70°C孵化10分钟
5Add 2 ml ethanol (96–100%) to the sample and mix again by vortexing.
If the initial sample volume was less than 2 ml, reduce the amount of ethanol
proportionally, e.g., u 1 ml ethanol for 1 ml blood.
U only ethanol since other alcohols may result in reduced yield and purity. In order
to ensure efficient binding, it is esntial that the sample is mixed thoroughly after
addition of ethanol to yield a homogeneous solution.
加入2 ml无水乙醇,振荡混和
6. Carefully transfer half of the solution (3.3 ml) from step 4 onto the QIAamp Midi column
placed in a 15 ml centrifugation tube (provided). Avoid spilling and do not moisten

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