(07)
把握经济运行合理区间的上下限,抓住发展中的突出矛盾和结构性问题,定向施策,聚焦靶心,精准发力。
With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the rious issues and structural problems advidhindering development.
英语一词多义是普遍现象,汉语也是。汉语中有很多类似的词,看着简单,其实内涵太多,不只是表面意思。比如这句的“把握”,惠宇《汉英大词典》里就有4个解释,多种译法,比如:
把握时代精神:Catch the spirit of the times
南京翻译公司
有把握地回答:Answer with confidence
有把握完成任务:He is confident of completing the task
把握客观规律:Master the objective laws
把握经济增长的脉搏:Keep fingers on the pul of economic growth
汉英词典是个好东西,值得买。不过如果不看也没效果。
“经济运行合理区间的上下限”,这里的偏正结构,用的是which句型来译: the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating,这种处理方式也比较好用。
“突出矛盾”,用的是 the rious issues,想想确实也是这个意思。
矛盾的多种译法:
矛盾的普遍性:universality of contradiction
避免矛盾: avoid conflicts
如何做个自信的女人
人民内部矛盾:contradictions within the ranks of the people
缓解矛盾:alleviate the problem of
心情矛盾:be in two minds about something
"定向施策,聚焦靶心,精准发力",其实说得事情基本上是一样的,所以译文只用了一个 targeted steps,比较简洁。
“发展中的突出矛盾和结构性问题”,用的是 hindering development 。偏正结构也是公文常见结构,of 式结构最简单也最普通,但政府工作报告中很多地方也往往用 for,其实有各种灵活译法,后面还会遇到。
向促改革要动力,向调结构要助力,向惠民生要潜力,既扩大市场需求,又增加有效供给,努力做到结构调优而不失速。
We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increa the potential
for development. We both expanded 行李房market demand and incread effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.
“向促改革要动力,向调结构要助力,向惠民生要潜力”,又一个排比,译文则把“向”的重复变成了 to 结构的重复。断句也是之前分析的,三句一断。
Produce support 这种搭配个人是第一次见,感觉并不常用,词典里更常见的可能是 give support,例如
The president gave his full support to the reforms.
该总统对改革予以了全力的支持。
“既”字用的是 both ,以后可以借用。这类基础词有时候看着简单,翻译起来还可能会犹豫,其实掌握透彻,比多背几个 bombastic或者 narcissism 要好用。
这钟走得既不快也不慢。
This clock neither gains nor los.
《21世纪大英汉词典》
那个大腹便便的家伙既贪婪又残恶。英汉字典下载
That big-bellied fellow was very cruel and greedy. 从小事做起 英语
《新英汉大辞典》
饮食应该适当, 既不能太油腻也不能太粗淡。
The diet should be suitable, being neither too rich nor too meagre.
《新英汉大辞典》
nosmoking“速”, the growth rate,类似前面讲的“激活力”(stimulated market activity),要结合语境寻找对应词。
有效实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。
We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy.
quechua
这句比较常规,平时多看新闻或者各类公文,适当记忆下各种常见说法,基本翻译出来的句子都差不多。
实行定向减税和普遍性降费,拓宽小微企业税收优惠政策范围,扩大“营改增”试点。
We incread targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro business, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries.
定向减税 targeted tax reductions
普遍性降费 reduce fees across the board
税收优惠政策 tax relief policies
营改增 replace business tax with VAT
以上表达,应该是属于这类材料里比较难翻译的部分,有的是比较专业,平时看时政少的话汉语都不理解,有的是需要多熟悉表达方式,尽量自己也能熟练应用。
可以学习下的是 extend 和 expand 这两个词,意思相近,也稍有差别。有网友总结区别如下:extend 表示时间和空间的“延长”,也可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”,或范围的“扩展”。 例如:to extend one's stay. (延长某人的逗留) ; expand侧重指“上下、左右、前后的面或体的伸展”,例如:Irons expands when it is heated. 铁加热时就膨胀。
(8)
加快财政支出进度,积极盘活存量资金。
sara evansWe sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and
put surplus budgetary funds to good u.
这句不太好理解的可能是“加快财政支出进度”里的 budgetary,字面上毕竟没有这个词,需要从财政支出的本意来理解。
财政支出(Public finance expenditure / fiscal expenditures) 通常是指国家为实现其各种职能,由财政部门按照预算计划,将国家集中的财政资金向有关部门和方面进行支付的活动,因此也称预算支出(百度百科)。所以加快支出,也就是尽快把预算用掉, making •••• available for
存量资金:财政存量资金,主要是指要把一些没有按照预算进度执行、依然趴在账上的沉淀结余资金用起来,更好地提高财政资金使用效益。可以理解为预算中剩下的一部分, budgetary funds大学英语4课文翻译
盘活,也是公文里常见的词,可以简化成“用好”的意思。关于盘活存量资金,可以多看下相关的新闻评论,比如
www.p5w/news/xwpl/201307/t20130704_212603.htm
这一段的一些译法再次说明,透彻理解中文是做好翻译的第一步。一些时政和财经领域的词汇,有时间应该多关注。
灵活运用货币政策工具,采取定向降准、定向再贷款、非对称降息等措施,加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节的支持力度,小微企业、”三农”贷款增速比各项贷款平均增速分别高 4.2 和 0.7 个百分点。
By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required rerve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increas in loans made to small and micro business, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increa in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively.
“灵活运用货币政策工具,采取定向降准、定向再贷款、非对称降息等措施”,没有放在主句里,而是用by引导,作为修饰性部分,避免主干太长。这段的原文也是拆成了两大句来译的。
货币政策工具: monetary policy instruments