刺葡萄棒状拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选

更新时间:2023-07-09 09:09:07 阅读: 评论:0

刺葡萄棒状拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选
作者:唐鑫彪 倪玉洁 胡玉慈 白金慧 王琳 陈清西 文志丰
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来源:《植物保护》2020年第04期
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        摘要 葡萄葉斑病是一种严重影响葡萄产量的病害。为了明确引起刺葡萄叶斑病的病原菌种类及筛选有效防治药剂,本研究从福建农林大学实践教学基地采集刺葡萄‘高山二号’10片典型叶斑病病叶片,对分离得到的菌株进行形态学和分子鉴定。结果表明,通过形态学特征结合rDNA-ITS(ITS)、β-tubulin和EF-1α序列分析确定分离到的菌株均为棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora。防治药剂筛选的结果显示,不同的防治药剂对炭疽病菌的抑制效果不同,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,其EC50分别为0.119 mg/L和0.178 mg/L;其次为80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂,其EC50为1.766 mg/L;抑制效果最差的药剂为50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂,仅表现出轻微的抑
制作用。防治棒状拟盘多毛孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最佳药剂是60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂,可作为备选药剂进行田间刺葡萄叶斑病防控试验。
        关键词 葡萄叶斑病; 鉴定; 拟盘多毛孢; 致病性
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        中图分类号:
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        S 436.631
        文献标识码: Apan
        DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019144
        Identification of the fungal pathogen causing Vitis davidii leaf spot and screening of fungicides for control of the dia
        TANG Xinbiao, NI Yujie, HU Yuci, BAI Jinhui, WANG Lin, CHEN Qingxi*, WEN Zhifeng*
        (College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 360002, China)
        Abstract
        Grape leaf spot is one of the most important dias of grapevine in the world, which caus rious loss in grape yield. In order to confirm the pathogenic species in Vitis davidii Fox and screening of fungicides for control of the dia, ten spot leaves of V.davidii ‘Gaoshan-2’ were collected from the Practice-Teaching Ba of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, and the pathogen was isolated and identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. The results showed that, bad on the rDNA-ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α quence analysis and morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Pestalotiopsis clavispora. Fungicide screening showed that different fungicides had different inhibitory effects on P.clavispora. The best fungicides against the mycelial growth of the pathogen were pyraclostrobin·metriam 60% WG and azoxystrobin 25% SC, with an EC50value of 0.119 mg/L and 0.178 mg/L, res
easipectively, followed by bordeaux 80% WP, with an EC50value of 1.766 mg/L. The fungicide with the lowest inhibitory effect was carbendazim 50% WP, which showed only slight inhibition. Our study suggested that pyraclostrobin-metriam 60% WG and azoxystrobin 25% SE were the effective fungicides for control of mycelium growth, which may be ud as alternative chemicals for control of leaf spot in V.davidii in the field.
        Key words
        grapevine leaf spot; identification; Pestalotiopsis clavispora; pathogenicity
        刺葡萄Vitis davidii Fox属于葡萄科Vitaceae,葡萄属Vitis,它的典型形态特征是幼枝及叶柄部位着生皮刺。刺葡萄东亚种群的一种野生种质资源,具有优良的鲜食、酿酒特性和抗湿热及抗病优势。通过对野生资源驯化改良,形成了‘塘尾’[1]
        ‘紫秋’[2]‘高山二号’[3]‘福安’[4]‘惠良’[5]等多个刺葡萄品种,主要分布在福建、湖南、江西等地,因其鲜食加工兼用及优良抗逆抗病性,人们愈加重视对刺葡萄的开发利用,近年栽培规模扩增明显,在部分地区甚至形成了特色产业。如福建的福安刺葡萄种植面积达20
0多公顷,充分利用葡萄在鲜食加工方面的优势,衍生出观光采摘和酿酒加工等产业[6],效益十分可观;2011年湖南省刺葡萄酒产量超过1 710 t,产值达到1.9亿元[7]
        。
rothschild        叶斑病又称为斑点病、褐斑病,是葡萄常见的叶部病害之一[8]
        ,全国各个产区的刺葡萄几乎都发生过该病害。近年来,刺葡萄叶斑病发病率有升高趋势,该病会引起树体早期落叶,影响浆果的产量和品质,对刺葡萄产业的发展影响极大。但目前尚未见对刺葡萄叶斑病致病菌种类及其防治药剂等方面的研究报道。
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        为明确引起刺葡萄叶斑病的致病菌种类及其防治药剂,本研究从福建农林大学教学基地共采集10个刺葡萄‘高山二号’病叶样品进行病菌常规分离,并结合病菌的形态学和分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,明确该菌为棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora,为首次在刺葡萄中分离得到。同时测定了6种常用药剂对该病原菌菌丝和孢子的抑制作用,以期为进一步研究葡萄叶斑病菌种类变化及分布奠定良好基础,并为该病害的田间防治提供理论依据。

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标签:葡萄   叶斑病   药剂   防治   分离   进行   种类
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