Chapter 1 Language culture and thought
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1 properties of language
Language is systematic :which means that it is rule governed
Language is arbitrary :Language consists of arbitrary symbols There is no logical relationship between words and the objects actions or concepts the words are ud to refer to(onomatopoeic words and compounds)
Language is symbolic :Words are associated with objects actions and ideas through convention
Language is vocal :This statement means that speech is the primary medium of language
Language is uniquely human :Language is human specific Only human beings posss what can be called language in the true n of the term
Language is ud for communication :Communication is the primary function of language
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Language is ud to understand and describe the world :
什么意思英语
Language is the carrier and container of cultural information :Human beings have been interacting with the world and accumulated their experience and knowledge about the world which are interpreted as cultural information
2 Definitions and properties of culture
2.1 Definitions of culture
In English "culture"is a loan word from Latin in which it mainly meant"cultivating or tilling the land"
2.1.1 Culture in its broad n
Culture in its broad n is also called "large C culture" or "academic culture"
Materials man has got to satisfy his needs :Everything manufactured in factories or grown on farmland
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Social institutions and organizations man ha established
Knowledge about nature and man himlf and artistic development
Language and other communication systems
Customs habits and behavioural patterns
Value systems world views national traits aesthetic standards and thinking patterns
2.1.2 Culture in its narrow n
Culture in its narrow n is also called "small c culture"or "anthropological culture"
Culture can be defined as lifeway of a population
2.2 Properties of culture
Culture is human special
gamma functionCulture is a social phenomenon :This statement emphasizes the contrast between society and nature
Culture is a national phenomenon :Each nation has been living in its unique geographical and historical framework in which a unique culture has been establish and is developing
Culture is also a historical phenomenon ;Each generation inherits the culture established by its forefathers
Culture is general and abstract
3 Relationship between language culture and thought
不到长城非好汉英语
3.1 Relationship between language and culture
Language is part of culture
Language is the carrier and container of culture
As a mirror of culture language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture
Language also exerts its influence on culture
Language and culture is cloly related each influencing and shaping the other
3.2 thought
Thought is the function and product of the human brain
Thought also refers to patterns of ideas characteristic of a social group
3.3 Relationship between language and thought
Language is an instrument ud in the communication of thought
accumulatedLanguage is cloly related to thinking
Language is influenced and shaped by thought
Language is ud for conveying ideas its structure and function must reflect the ideas
Language also exerts strong influence on thought
高见是什么意思
3.4 Concluding remarks on the relationship between language thought and culture
The three aspects interact each influencing and shaping the other two
4 Intercultural communication
Intercultural communication is concerned with communication among people from different cultural backgrounds
Intercultural communication mainly deals with verbal and nonverbal interacting and related factors in intercultural communication
Chapter 2 Words and Meaning
giza1 What are words and meaning
1.1 Word
Words are units of expression which language urs can intuitively recognize in either speech or writing
1.2 Meaning
1.2.1 Conceptual meaning
Conceptual meaning is the basic meaning prented by meaningful linguistic units,the central factor in linguistic communication
The relationship between a word and an object in the real world or a concept in our mind to which the word refer is the conceptual meaning of the word
1.2.2 Connotative meaning可鄙
Connotative meaning is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning (woman statesman politician)
1.2.3 Social meaning
Social meaning or stylistic meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances (language urs ttings topics) (domicile residence abode home)
