Unit 1 恰到好处
en
Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choo words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loo phra, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpo.
你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清
的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
The French have an apt（贴切的） phra for this. They speak of “le mot juste,” (the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two ntences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调） of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precily（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to obrve accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourlves, as well as for tho who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I e what I员工竞聘上岗演讲稿 say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it.
法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多
关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。
It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact u of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so（某某等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phra to express what it is about him that you don’bestregards是什么意思t like, that constitutes（构成） his limitation. 拉家带口When you find the right phra you feel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.
寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳
得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。
Some English损失英语 words have a common root but are ud in very different ns. Consider human and humane（人道，仁慈的power supply）, for example. Their小学英语学习网站 origin is the same and their meanings are related, but their usage is distinct. A human action is not the same thing as a humane action. We cannot speak of a Declaration of Humane Rights. --- There is a weapon called a humane killer, but it is not a human killer.
一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机)，而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。
We don’t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry in language. A student,
replying to an invitation to dinner, finished his letter: “I shall be delighted to come and I am looking forward to the day with anxiety.” Anxiety carries with it dopingsuggestions of worry and fear. What the writer meant was possibly eagerness. Anxiety has some kinship（亲属关系） with eagerness but it will not do as a substitute（替代） in this context.
语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭，他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的：“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安（anxiety ）期待着那个日子的到来。 ”“Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。 “Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联，但在这个场合是不能等同的。
Tklhe leader of a political party in Uganda wrote a letter to the Press which contained this ntence:
乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道：
Let us all fight this lfishness, opportunism, cowardice and ignorance now rife in Uganda and put in their place truth, manliness, consistency and singularity of mind.
让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达，代之以真理，刚毅，坚定和奇异的精神。
This stirring appeal is spoilt by a malapropism in the last phra, the word singularity. What the writer meant, I think, was singleness of mind, holding steadfastly to the purpo in mind, without being drawn aside 俞敏洪励志演讲视频by less worthy objects. Singularity means oddity or peculiarity, something that singles a man out from other men
