完形填空解题策略与专练（三）
在完形填空中，还存在着上下文之间的逻辑关系推理。在做题的时候，考生也可以通过推敲上下文之间的逻辑关系，利用各种条件、让步、假设、因果等各种逻辑关系，进而找出正确的答案。这个也是做完形填空的第三个重要的技巧。
完形填空第三大策略：借助逻辑关系，推导主旨脉络。
Warming Up 热身训练
okinawaA． 请根据前后的类比关系在空格中拼写出一个单词。
例：Skyscrapers are to cities as fields are to _________.（答案为countryside）
1. Stars are to ______________ as sand grains are to beach.
2. Hat is to head as ______________ are to hands.
3. Panda is to China as Kangaroo is to ______________.
4. Water is to _______________ as earth is to land.
5. Shops are to customers as planes are to ________________.
B. 根据逻辑关系和划线部分提示语(clue words)，推导出一个正确的单词并填写在空格中。
例：He is ______________ for class, becau he is stuck in the traffic jam. （答案为late）
1. Mr. Brown is a teacher; he works in the ______________.
2. KFC staff work not only in the day, but also during the ______________.
3. It is so urgent that he has ______________ time to explain more.
4. Linda _______________ and fell down the stairs becau the floor was wet.
5. Time is very valuable. We must ______________ our time.
C. 观察单词前后的规律，完成填空。
ant→bee→dog→__________________________________________________________________________
Exemplifying in Skills 例证与技能
众所周知，汉语重意合，英语重形合。英语的语篇非常追求逻辑的严谨，而逻辑严谨的达成主要通过使用众多的连接词来实现。英语语篇中常见的逻辑关系有以下七种：平行或递进的关系；转折的关系；目的或因果的关系层次或顺序的关系；例举的关系；解释说明的关系；归纳总结的关系。在做完形填空题时，要学会分析“逻辑关系”，推导脉络与主旨。新加坡留学申请条件
proximo
A. 通常表示平行或递进关系的连接词有：and, or, also, as well (as), likewi, similarly, at the same time, both…and…, besides, furthermore, in addition (to), moreover, wor still等。这些连接词表明下文将出现与前面同类性质的内容，或是对前面内容的进一步阐述。
【例1】When Alice started to cycle home from Jenny’s hou, she wasn’t nervous. She was certainly not afraid of the dark. 36 , it was only a 15-minute ride home. （NMET 2010 江西）
36. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Otherwi
B. 通常表示转折关系的连接词有：although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, otherwi, to the opposite, while, yet, unfortunately等。这些连接词表明下文讲述的将是相反的或全新的内容或观点，需要格外注意。此时应放慢阅读速度，多留心上下文在意义上的转变。
【例2】Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revi every step of the way. （NMET 2010 上海）
poorman
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
C. 通常表示目的或因果关系的连接词有：as, as a result, becau (of), conquently, due to, for, now that, since, so, so…that…, such…that…, therefore, thus等。这些连接词也是帮助理解行文思路的有用信号。
【例3】Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply becaucontinental airlines
hurt什么意思
they’ve grown accustomed to it…（NMET 2012 江苏）
43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent
美丽的英文单词D. 通常表示层次、顺序关系的连接词有：after (that), another, before, first(ly), cond(ly), third(ly), at last, finally, later on, next, then, on the one hand等。通过它们能够迅速理清文章的基本脉络。
【例4】Supporters claim that there are many benefits of rvice learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are force to think… the needs of others. Students are also able to learn… working as part of a team. 45 , students can explore possible careers through rvice learning. （NMET 2009 江苏）
45. A. Gradually B. Finally C. Luckily D. Hopefully
E. 通常表示例举关系的连接词有：for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as等。这些词表明下文将给出具体的例子。
bird
【例5】The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is ldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals（彩排）, or tryouts, revising will em a natural part… For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music becau the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. （NMET 2010 上海）
53. A. rewrote B. relead C. recorded D. rerved
F. 通常表示解释说明的连接词有：in other words, namely, that is等，表明下文将对上文作进一步的解释说明，另外，诸如“：”和“--”等标点符号也可以起到提示作用。
【例6】And 后羿和嫦娥的故事no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu – we just 41 our differences. （NMET 2012 福建）
41. A. refud B. made C. sought D. accepted
G. 通常表示归纳总结的连接词有：as a result, so, briefly, in a word, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up等。这些词表明下文将进行归纳或总结。
【例7】So 30 , Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about. （NMET 2009 广东）
30. A. generally B. basically C. usually D. certainly
Instant Practice 不可能的英文即时训练
根据黑体词提示，完成下列练习，并说出各自所述的逻辑关系类别。
【练习1】I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking. 36 she was encouraging and inspiring. （NMET 2010 北京）
