5.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.(10分)要确定一个土壤样品的可行的计数，哪种方法是最好的吗？列出的程序。
6.The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why. (2分)
mmb7.What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA liga in molecular cloning? (6分)在分子克隆的克隆载体，限制性内切酶和DNA连接酶的作用是什么？
8.What does the term “antagonism” means? Explain the ufulness in biological control. (4分)
9.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, e
ffectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-hou? (10分)在豆科根瘤菌共生的感染，宿主特异性，效益，竞争力。温室共生效益如何评价？
10.List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification. (7分) 列出分类的分类层次。
《微生物学》试题 Ⅱ
本试题一共2道大题，共2页，满分100分。考试时间120分钟。
总 分 | | 题号 | 一 | open up your dreamloveto二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 |
阅卷人 | | 题分 | | | | | | | | | | |
核分人 | | 得分 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 北大考研成绩查询 | 肖秀荣最后四套题 | | | | | | | | |
注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。
2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。
一、名词解释(6×5)：
1. Bacterial chemotaxis细菌的趋化作用
2. Lichen地衣
3. Chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养生物
4. Colony菌落
5. Biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环
6. Conjugation接合
二、问答题(70分)
1.What are the unique features of microorganisms gram-positive？ (10分)
2.Why does Gram-staining procedure stain some bacteria purple-violet and others red?(10分)
3.Explain the term “medium”,what is the purpo to make a lective medium? (10分)
4.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures. (8分)
5.What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction enzyme and DNA Liga in molecular cloning? (12分)
6.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity, effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-hou? (20分)
复习题
Questions-1
1．What are the unique features of microorganism?
2．List veral applied areas of microbiology. Describe the importance of microorganisms in each of the applied fields.
3．Discuss the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4．What are some major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
5．Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts.
6．Define the following terms
Archaea古菌, flagellum鞭毛, bacterial chemotaxis细菌的趋化作用郑州教育, capsule荚膜, spore孢子, cyst mesosome plasmid质粒广州出国留学, simple staining简单染色, Gram staining革兰氏染色, colony菌落, lytic bacteriaphage噬菌体裂解, Viru, HIV, SARS, pudopodia伪足, cyanobacteria蓝细菌, Algae protozoa, Lichen地衣, mycorrhiza菌根, yeast酵母菌, mold霉菌, fungi真菌.
7． List the xual spores and axual spores of fungi.
8．What is the unique about the class Deuteromycetes, making it different from other class of fungi?
Questions-2
1．What are the nutrients that microorganisms require? And what are the functions of the nutrients?
2．Distinguish between (a) phototrophs and chemotrophs, (b) Lithotrophs and organotrophs, and (c) autotrophs and heterotrophs.
3．Explain the term “ medium”. What is the purpo of make a lective medium?
4．Under what circumstance might you wish to u silical gel as a solidifying agent for a culture medium?
5．Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference in energy production.
6．Describe the process of passive diffusion.
7．How is passive diffusion differentiated from facilitated diffusion?
8．How is group translocation similar to and different from active transport of solutes?
Questions-3
1．Explain the following terms:
growth, pure culture, continuous culture, batch culture, synchronous growth, sterilization, disinfection, antipsis, optimum temperature, generation time, acidophile, facultative anaerobe.
