Designation:D3455–11
自考学校Standard Test Methods for
army是什么意思Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation D3455;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope
1.1The test methods cover screening for the compatibility of materials of construction with electrical insulating oil for u in electrical equipment.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any,associated with its u.It is the responsibility of the ur of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:2
D877Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown V oltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
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D924Test Method for Dissipation Factor(or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity(Dielectric Constant)of Electri-cal Insulating Liquids
D971Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method
D974Test Method for Acid and Ba Number by Color-Indicator Titration四级准考证丢了怎么办
D1500Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D2413Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
D3487Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Ud in Electrical Apparatus 3.Significance and U
3.1The magnitude of the changes in the electrical properties of the insulating oil are of importance in determining the contamination of the oil by the test specimen.
3.2Physical and chemical changes in the oil such as color, interfacial tension and acidity,also indicate solubility or other adver effects of the test specimen on the oil.
3.3Physical changes of the test specimen such as hardness, swelling,and discoloration show the effect of the oil on the test specimen and are ud to determine the suitability of the material for u in insulating oil.
3.4A material meeting the criteria recommended does not necessarily indicate suitability for u in electrical equipment. Other properties must also be considered.Additionally,certain materials containi
ng additives may meet the requirements of the test methods,yet be unsatisfactory when subjected to longer term evaluations.Examples of such materials are polyvinyl chloride(PVC)bad compounds,nylon and elasto-meric compounds.
4.Apparatus
4.1Sample-Handling Apparatus:
4.1.1Oven,forced-draft,adjustable to10061°C,and a drying oven,adjustable to10565°C.
4.1.2Glass Containers,1-L,fitted with glass or aluminum foil covers.
N OTE1—Other materials have been found to be suitable as covers. 4.2Sample-Testing Apparatus:
4.2.1Tensile Strength—As specified in appropriate test method.
4.2.2Hardness—As specified in appropriate test method.
4.2.3Dimensional Change—Micrometer and caliper.
4.2.4Weight Change—Analytical balance.
5.Preparation of Test Specimen
5.1Test specimen size shall be such that the ratio of surface area to oil volume is four times as large as the ratio encoun-tered in normal u in electrical equipment unless there is some
1The test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gas and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D27.06on Chemical Test.
Current edition approved June1,2011.Published July2011.Originally approved
in1975.Last previous edition approved in2002as D3455–2002which was
withdrawn January2011and reinstated in June2011.DOI:10.1520/D3455-11.
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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special reason for using a different ratio(Note2).Some suggested ratios are as follows:
5.1.1If the test specimen can be measured,no less than52 cm2are ud with each800mL of oil.
5.1.2If the test specimen is insoluble in oil and the surface area cannot be measured,the test specimen shall be ud in the amount of1%by the weight of the oil.
5.1.3If the material is soluble in the oil,the test specimen shall be ud in the amount of0.5%by the weight of the oil.
5.1.4Varnishes and materials ud as dip coatings shall be cured on aluminum foil or paper known to be compatible with insulating oil.They should be tested at a ratio of14g or approximately1300cm2of surface area per800mL of oil.
5.1.5Core steel and core-steel coatings shall be tested at a ratio of3100cm2for each400mL of oil,for transformer applications.A realistic core steel ratio for regulators is5000 cm2of surface area per each400mL of oil.
5.1.6Gasket materials shall be tested at a ratio of65cm2 surface area per800mL of oil.bbc com
5.1.7Wire enamels shall be tested at a ratio of1300cm2of surface area per800mL of oil.
N OTE2—There are certain materials in electrical apparatus where the suggested ratios of material to oil are impractical;when this condition exists,the ratio shall be reported.
5.2Caution must be taken in obtaining and preparing the test specimen to ensure that it is reprentative of the material as supplied by the manufacturer.Do not handle withfingers.
5.3Pre-dry all solid materials for16h in an oven at1056 5°C.U care when testing specimens which are comprid of paper or applied to paper to limit damage to the paper from drying in an air circulating oven.It is recommended that such components be dried and impregnated in a vacuum oven as outlined in Practice D2413,Section9.1.1,to reduce the effects of oxygen on the paper.
5.4Remove the test specimen from the oven and place in a 1-L jar with800mL of approved insulating
oil(Note3), meeting all the limits required for new oil.Bubble dry nitrogen through the oil for approximately10min,and place the cover on the jar.
N OTE3—An approved oil is one that meets the requirements of Specification D3487,or an oil specified by the material purchar.
5.5Prepare a reference oil specimen from800mL of the approved oil alone as a control for each group of specimens tested.
6.Conditioning
whole number6.1Place the covered glass jars in an oven at10061°C for 164h.
6.2Remove the jars from the oven and cool to room temperature.
7.Procedure
7.1With a pair of clean tongs remove the test specimen from the oil,obrve the condition,and conduct any desired test on the material.
7.1.1Typical tests on materials can include swelling or dimensional change,hardness,discoloration,brittleness,etc.
7.1.2For comparative tests u the appropriate method.
7.2The following tests on all oil specimens are suggested:
7.2.1Interfacial Tension—Test Method D971.
7.2.2Neutralization Number—Test Method D974.
7.2.3Dielectric Strength—Test Method D877.
7.2.4Dissipation(Power Factor)—Test Method D924.
7.2.5Color—Test Method D1500.
8.Evaluation of Results
8.1Evaluation of Physical Changes of the Material at Room Temperature—The changes in physical properties of the ma-terial being tested must be considered on the basis of the specific needs of the
application.
8.2Evaluation of Test Results on Insulating Oil:
8.2.1The test results obtained on the oils containing the test specimens must be compared with tho of the reference oil specimen to determine any differences.
8.2.2The abnce of any differences between the test specimen oil and the reference oil indicates that the test specimen oil was not affected by the material and that the material is worthy of further consideration or testing,or both.
8.2.3A significant difference in any of the results as defined
mediumin8.2.5may indicate some compatibility problem and the material should be either further reviewed or rejected.
8.2.3.1The magnitude of differences in properties between
the reference oil and the test specimen oil that constitute a significant change should be established prior to testing,by agreement between the purchar and the ller.
8.2.4If the aged reference oil exceeds the limits in8.2.5,the
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oil itlf is suspect for one or more of the following reasons:
8.2.4.1The oil does not meet the requirements for an approved insulating oil.
8.2.4.2The oil has become contaminated.
8.2.4.3The test aging temperature exceeded the prescribed limit(e6.1).
8.2.5The aged properties for the reference oil specimen should be as follows(Note4):
Interfacial tension D97138mN/m,min Neutralization number D9740.03mg of KOH,
pthmax change Dielectric strength D87728kV,min Dissipation(Power factor),
100°C
D924 1.1%,max Color D15000.5max change N OTE4—The values are typical values for most of the mineral oils prently on the market.
9.Report
9.1Report the following information:
9.1.1The results of the tests specified in8.2.5,on both the reference oil specimen and the test specimen oil(s).
9.1.2Any changes in appearance,dimensions,hardness or other relevant properties of the construction material test specimens.
9.1.3Whether the construction material evaluated by this
test method appears to be compatible(or incompatible)with electrical insulating oil.
10.Precision and Bias
10.1No precision and bias statement is required as the tests listed in Section7already include precision and bias state-
ments. 2
11.Keywords
11.1compatibility;construction material;electrical equip-
ment;insulating oil
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