2000年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲
一、全真试题
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.（71）Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational rearch experts.（72）Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in the ctors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example，they may encourage rearch in various ways，including the tting up of their own rearch centers; they may alter the structure of education，or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperat
e directly in the growing number of international projects related to science，economics any industry，In any ca，all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.
（73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being expod to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time，the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example，（74）in the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and conquently prents rious problems for the governments concerned.（75）Additional social stress may also occur becau of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themlves made relativ
ely easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all the factors，governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
rejuvenating 二、翻译题解
（71）Under modern conditions, thisrequiresvarying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational rearch experts.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考：标点符号
Under modern conditions, //this requires varying measures of centralized control //and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational rearch experts.
解析：
（1）主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：and hence the 皆为require的宾语。
（2）两个宾语各带有of介词短语作定语。
词的处理：
under modern conditions在现代条件下
varying measures（程度）不同的措施
centralized control中央控制，中央调控
田忌赛马翻译 and hence因此，从而
operational rearch experts运行研究专家，运筹学家
技巧点拨：elegance
（1）代词this作主语的指代的前面的整句话“Governments throughout the world act on th
e assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community”（世界各国的政府都认为，人民的福利主要依赖于本国的经济实力和社会财富），这种情况下，可以采用概括的方法，将其译为“这”。
（2）and hence the 中hence“从而”是承接and之前的require而来的，即and连接的是两个并列的宾语，所以翻译的时候，需要增词，翻译成“从而就需要......”。
（3）specialized scientists初步处理为“专门的科学家，专业的科学家”，按照汉语习惯，译为“专家”。
（4）such as economists and operational rearch experts中operational rearch experts指的是“操作研究专家，运行研究专家”，更好的翻译方法是用专业术语“运筹专家”；的内容为举例说明，按照汉语语序，翻译到其所修饰的词之前，即“诸如经济学家和运筹学家等（专家）”。
完整译文：
在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等
stylesheet领域专家的协助。
（72）Furthermore itisobviousthatthe strength of a country's economyisdirectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, andthatthis in turnrestsupon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考：从属连词，介词短语，标点符号
Furthermore it is obvious // that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, // and that this //in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
解析：
牛仔裤的夏天1 （1）主干结构是it is , ，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为两个that分别引导的主语从句。
2010高考真题
（2）两个that从句都是简单的主谓宾结构句。
（3）this指代前面的宾语中心词efficiency。
词的处理：
furthermore再者，另外
it is obvious that显而易见的是
i will be back什么意思
the strength of a country's economy一个国家的经济实力
is directly bound up with与……直接（密切）相关
the efficiency of its agriculture and industry工农业生产效率
伊莱英语 in turn反过来
rests upon有赖于，取决于
newto
shining friend scientists and technologists of all kinds各种科技人员，所有领域的科学家和技术人员
技巧点拨：
（1）形式主语部分It is obvious that ...可以直接翻译为“显而易见的是......”。
（2）代词its指代的是本划线句中a country的所有格，直接翻译为“其”，意思仍清晰。
（3）两个that主语从句直接翻译，无需调整顺序。
（4）减词法：the efficiency of its agriculture and industry直接翻译为“其工业和农业的生产效率”，根据汉语习惯可以进一步调整为“工农业生产（效）率”。
（5）减词法：scientists and technologists of all kind直接翻译为“各种科学和技术人员”，根据汉语习惯可以进一步调整为“各种科技人员”。
完整译文：
再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
