课时作业(二十一)
侃侃怎么念
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2019·河北沧州一中模拟] That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect.If a person stays in the same room the following night，he tends to sleep more soundly.Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University t out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day.She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that the animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators(捕食者)．This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing.To take a clor look，her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university's Department of Psychological Sciences.The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.Dr Sasaki found，as expected，the
participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their cond，taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall.During deep sleep，the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner en in birds and dolphins.On the first night only，the left hemispheres(半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.降落伞英文
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment，Dr Sasaki re-ran the experiment while prenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps(蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.She worked out that，if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment，then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones.This is precily what she found.
1．What do we learn about Dr Yuka Sasaki doing her rearch?
A．She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.小学生学习方法
B．She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C．She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
D．She conducted studies on birds' and dolphins' sleeping patterns.
2．What did Dr Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A．She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
B．She recruited(招募) 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
C．She studied the differences between the two sides of participants' brains.
指标英文
D．She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
3．What did Dr Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A．She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
B．She recorded participants' adaptation to changed environment.
joan
C．She expod her participants to two different stimuli(刺激物)．
deryckD．She compared the respons of different participants.
4．What did Dr Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A．They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B．They tended to recognize irregular beeps as a threat.
C．They felt sleepy when expod to regular beeps.
D．They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
[解题导语]在陌生的环境中，人往往难以入睡，这种现象被称作“首夜效应”。佐佐木博士受之前对鸟类和海豚的研究的启发对人类进行研究，发现第一次在陌生环境中睡眠时，人的大脑左半球实际上处于警惕状态。
蓝精灵字幕1．C解析：细节理解题。从第二段可知，佐佐木博士从过去对鸟类和海豚的睡眠实验中得到启发，现在将同样的实验用在人身上。因此C项正确。
2．A解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的“The participants each slept in the
department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.”可知，佐佐木博士的实验主要是监测参与者睡着时大脑的活动。
征服英语
3．C解析：细节理解题。从最后一段可知，佐佐木博士给实验参与者展示两种不同的蜂鸣声：规则的和不规则的。因此C项正确。
4．B解析：推理判断题。从最后一段中的“She worked out that，if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment，then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones.”可知，她发现如果人在陌生环境中睡眠时大脑左半球保持警惕，那么它会对不规则的蜂鸣声作出反应并把人从睡眠中叫醒，而忽视规则的蜂鸣声。
B
[2019·安徽、江西等五省六校联考] Homeless people face a lot of challenges.Some of the most basic challenges，however，spring from not having regular access to clean water and cleaning stuff such as soap and shampoo.And poor personal hygiene(卫生) can be particularly troubling for homeless teens.
rvice unavailable什么意思That challenge inspired a young rearcher，Leia，to invent a multi-purpo product.It would need to absorb sweat and oil from skin and hair.It would need to clean teeth.Plus，it would need to kill bacteria without being harmful to people.She wanted her ingredients to be natural and biodegradabl
e(可生物降解的)．Leia started by going to stores and looking at the ingredient lists for tooth powders，body powders and dry shampoos.Then she put together eight different trial recipes of her own.She tested each mixture to e how well it absorbed body oil and cleaned hair.To find out how they might work as a toothpaste，she tested them at removing coffee stains from eggshells.
Eventually，Leia ttled on three working recipes.Each contains salt and baking powder.The salt helps clean teeth and remove dirt，she notes.Baking powder helps
absorb smells.Her three recipes' other ingredients differed.Some of tho ingredients included cloves，cinnamon and chamomile.Tho sorts of things give her products different tastes and smells.That would let teens choo a product bad on personal preferences.
Leia wants to develop her product further.“Could it be ud to drive off mosquitoes？”she asks.“Or does it attract them？The are questions I want to answer next，” she notes.
“Science offers a way to go about solving problems and helping people，” says Leia.And she thinks her products could benefit a broad range of people，not just the homeless.Anyone in an area with little or no access to clean water could find her products uful，she says.
5．What made Leia make the product according to the text?
A．Her personal experience.
B．The suffering of homeless people.
C．Poor personal hygiene for homeless people.
D．Her curiosity about invention and helping others.the loneliness
6．The third paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A．how Leia made the product
B．how effective the product is
C．what functions the product has
D．what ingredients the product has
7．What can we learn about the product from the fourth paragraph?
A．People can buy it in the market now.
B．The product only has three varieties.
C．Salt is ud to clear smells and remove dirt.
D．It can be custom-made to suit personal taste.
8．How does Leia feel about her invention?
A．It has some faults.
B．It is quite satisfactory.
C．It still needs improving.
D．It is uful in remote area.
[解题导语]无家可归的人，尤其是无家可归的青少年，面临的很大问题就是糟糕的个人卫生状况。莱娅通过测试发明了一种多用途的产品来帮助无家可归以及需要这些产品的人。
5．C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“And poor personal hygiene(卫生) can be particularly troubling for homeless teens.”以及第二段第一句“That challenge inspired a young rearcher，Leia，
to invent a multi-purpo product.”可知，无家可归的人面临的卫生问题启发莱娅发明了该产品。
6．A解析：段落大意题。第三段主要介绍莱娅到商店买原料，按照自己的配方混合，然后进行测试。这是她进行产品制作的过程。
7．D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“That would let teens choo a product bad on personal preferences.”可知，青少年们可以根据自己的个人喜好来选择其中一种产品。因此D项正确。
8．C解析：推理判断题。在第五段中莱娅提出疑问：这种产品能否驱蚊？还是会吸引蚊子？这都是她要进一步研究的。因此可以判断产品仍需要进一步改进。
Ⅱ.七选五
[2019·湖南衡阳一模] Improving your focus can make you a better student or employee as well as a happier and more organized person.__1__
Create a clean environment.When it's a task where you are ated at a desk，then you will need to clean the desk area and become more organized.Let's suppo you are trying to quit smoking.__2__In other words，on your quit date the hou and car you occupy need to be “smokele
ss” in every way.No ashtrays，lighters，etc.
__3__For example，if your intention is to be a non-smoker then you are more
