大学英语四级-94
娘胎(总分100,考试时间90分钟)
Reading Comprehension
Which Attributes of a Food Product are Most Important to Consumers
A. The Australian state of Victoria is investing in a program to identify new opportunities for its food and agriculture industries. As part of this initiative the government conducted extensive rearch to identify which attributes of a food product are most important to consumers. As income levels ri and education levels improve, consumers around the world are becoming interested in more than just the price and quality of the food they eat. Indeed, some consumers are now willing to pay extra money for food with a special nutritional or health benefit. In addition, some consumers are also choosing food bad on how it was produced, including the environmental and ethical impact of production. Victoria"s Department of Primary Industries designed and rearched a report that analyze
s preferences for food products with "trust" attributes, specifically food safety, clean food, green food, animal welfare and ethical food production. The report also determines the relative importance of the five nominated "trust" attributes and evaluates their importance in relation to non-trust attributes, such as price and quality.
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B. "Consumers are becoming increasingly insightful when making purchasing decisions, and Victoria"s ability to demonstrate the trustworthiness of food products will be vital to maintain consumer confidence in priority export markets," the report says. Between February and June 2004, the DPI interviewed 280 food industry shareholders, including retailers, wholesalers, foodrvice managers, importers, distributors, and reprentatives of government, industry bodies and non-government organizations, in 21 of Victoria"s major food markets, including France, Japan, the UK and the US.
C. The rearch found, perhaps unsurprisingly, that price, quality and food safety were the most important factors for consumers, with each factor ranked as the most important by 18-22% of respondents. In fourth place, 8% of respondents felt taste flavor was the m
wcdlost important attribute of a food product for consumers, while 6% thought freshness was most important, and 3% thought the appearance packaging was most important. Health nutrition, brand image, and clean chemical free were each considered most important by just 1-2% of interviewees.later on
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D. Of the five specified "trust" factors—food safety, clean food, green food, animal welfare and ethical food production—food safety was ranked as being of high or very high importance to their organization by 95% of respondents. It is not just consumers that food safety is important to, as one Japane wholesaler obrved "It has taken a long time to build our reputation for reliability with our customers and just one accident would cau us to lo everything, especially if consumers are harmed."
E. Clean food was ranked cond in importance among the specified trust factors, with 90% of respondents rating clean food as being of high or very high importance to their organization. However, just 63% of respondents said clean food was of high or very high importance to consumers. The survey also found that there was regional variation in the naive
definition of clean food—some respondents thought it should include Halal production methods, while others thought clean food should also be free of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
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F. Ethics was ranked fairly high in importance to organizations, but was considered less important to consumers. While 82% of respondents rated ethics as being of high or very high importance to their organization, just 31% considered ethics to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Another finding was that ethics included many of the other trust factors, as a German government reprentative pointed out "This issue covers a little of everything. It depends on the producer and on the way people, animals and the environment are treated. It depends on personal values." The rearchers found that the importance of ethics varied according to what aspect was mentioned. The proving of claims made on product labels was considered to be of higher importance than issues such as workers" rights, corporate responsibility and local sourcing, becau it is an issue that has impact on the consumer directly.
九年级英语单词朗读G. Green food was ranked relatively low in importance, with just 50% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to their organization, and just 19% rating it as being of high or very high importance to consumers. Many respondents cited low consumer awareness and lack of consumer interest, and some said they believed consumers were unwilling to pay a higher price for green food products, reflecting the overall finding that higher importance is attached to factors that has impact directly on consumers.
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H. "Consumers claim to want the choice, but the category has been disappointing, leading to oversupply and price pressures for high cost producers. Price always ems to focus the Dutch minds," said one global retailer bad in the Netherlands. There was also some variation in opinions about what exactly constitutes green food, with veral respondents eing it as synonymous with organic production. Of issues associated with green food, organic production was en as the most important to consumers, while impact on the environment, ecosystem health, bio-diversity and environmental management practices were rated relatively low in importance.
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