Many theories concerning the caus of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories ___1___ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior ___2___ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through ___3___ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in ___4___ to their failure to ri above their socioeconomic status, ___5___ as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focud on children from disadvantaged families, ___6___ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes ___7___ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are ___8___ to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly ___9___ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that ___10___ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment ___11___ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in ___12___ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also ___13___ changes the years. More families consist of one parent houholds or two working parents; ___14___, children are likely to have less supervision at home ___15___ was common in the traditional family ___16___. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.
Other ___17___ caus of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the incread ___18___ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing ___19___ of child abu and child neglect. All the conditions tend to increa the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ___20___ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
1. [A] acting [B] relying 四级英语作文预测[C] centerin [D] cementing
2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] becau
3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation
4. [A] return [B] reply 最好的在线翻译网站[C] reference [D] respon
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5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or el
6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding
7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with
singlehop 8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] nsitive [D] subject
9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect
10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount
11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrasrealityshowt [D] at length
12. [A] ca [B] short [C] turn [D] esnce
13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced
14. [A] contrarilyjetion [B] conquently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously
15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as
16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage
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17. [A] asssable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible
18. [A] expen [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability
19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity
20. [A] provided [B] since [C] althoughlivery [D] supposing
chestnut答案精解
1.[C] centering on 意为：以…为中心/重点”，act on（按照…行事）；rely on（依赖于）；comment on（评论、评述）。
2.[D] becau (由于，因为) 引导由or连接着的两个原因状语从句。
3.[A ]interaction (互动) assimilation（同化，吸收）；cooperation（合作）； consultation（咨询）。
4.[D] respon (反应，答复) “(in) respon (to) …”（对……的行为反应）。
5.[A]or（或者）。空格后as引导的为原因状语，与 in respon to 引导的原因状语并列，都是“孩子们犯罪”的原因，用or 连接。
6.[B] ignoring (忽略，忽视) considering （考虑）；highlighting（强调，突出）；discarding（扔掉，抛弃）。
7.[C] for (因为，由于) for lack of 意为“由于缺少…”， on, in, with均不能和 lack搭配使用。
8.[D] subject (易遭受到……)。be subjedt to意为“受…支配；遭受…影响”， be immune to（不易受…影响）； be resistant to（对…有抵制力）。
9.[A] affect (影响)。
10.[B] lead lead to导致， point to（指向）； amount to（总数达……）。
11.[A] in general 一般地，大体上； on average （平均，通常）； by contrast （相比而言）； at length （最后；详尽地；长久地）。
财务通则
12.[C] (in) turn 反过来。本题答案线索是：社会经济变化→青年失业或难找工作→青年的不满情绪→青年的犯罪。这是一个因果关系的链条。in ca（以防万一）； in short（简言之）； in esnce（在本质上）。
