外语外文
教育是一项艰巨的工作，教师这一职业更是太阳底下最光辉的职业。作为小学教师，我们所教育的学生就像是一张张白纸，等待着我们描绘出一副副美丽的图画。更像是一棵棵小树苗，需要我们来浇灌，才能长成一棵棵参天大树，才能在以后的生活中抵御风雨。作为启蒙教师，我们的教学能影响学生的一生。家长把孩子交到我们的手里，是对我们无比的信任，作为教师，我们要让家长放心，更应无愧于自己的这一神圣职业。那么，让学生在自己的教书生涯中学到知识是交给家长和自己的最满意的答卷。
现在的学生由于种种原因都或多或少的都有些厌学。作为教师要想让学生学到知识，首先要让学生喜欢自己的课堂，他们才能认真在课堂中听讲，才能学到知识。要想让学生喜欢自己的课堂，作为教师就必须使课堂具有吸引力，因此我们应该在课堂中开展愉快教学，这是迈向成功教学的第一步。然而，小学英语教学对于小学生、小学教师都是一门全新的课程。部分学生还没有完全掌握好拼音，却要投入到英语的学习中，他们感到很茫然。另一方面，现在的小学英语教师多数是从其他学科转型而来。刚接触到英语，他们也很茫然，不知道如何进行英语教学。国家教育部要求我们在课堂中开展素质教育，课改让我们在教学中开展愉快教学。这些要求对于我们来说是非常严峻的。最初接触到英语，我也很茫然。但是在教育局举办的各种外教培训和教师技能竞赛中我收获了很多，现将我的收获与每一位在英语教学中感到茫然的教师分享。
英语是一门很特殊的语言。它流通于全世界，是世界通用语言。而英语的发源地，英国、美国等国家都是特别开放的国家。他们的英语课堂教学十分的活泼，学生可以在课堂中大胆地说，大胆地做。教师不会责备他们不遵守课堂纪律，相反还会夸奖他们的举动，这是中国教学与外国教学最本质的区别。针对我国的教育国情，我觉得我们应该借鉴西方的教育方式，但是不能盲从，要将中西方的教学优点结合起来。
在英语课堂教学中，我会设计一些活动，让学生在活动中学习，让他们不仅能学到知识，还能在课堂中做游戏，轻轻松松地结束一堂课。例如：人教版四年级英语课本第一单元Let’s do 中有这样的句子：Open the door. Turn on the light. Sweep the floor. Clean the window. Put up the picture. Clean the board.我是这样设计的：我先作示范，一边说英语，一边将短语变成动作做出来。让学生在不知道短语意思的情况下，可以根据我的动作理解其意思。然后让学生跟着我边说边做，反复几次，学生可以通过这样的练习轻松地理解句子。最后再让学生分小组，一人说口
令，其他人做动作。做错的就把该句子说一遍。通过这样的TPR 活动，学生能够更加熟练地掌握句子。还可以让学生说，老师来做，老师可以故意错一次，并让学生来教你，让学生也当一回教师，他们学习起来会更加有兴趣。
在第五单元的Let’s learn.中，出现了许多的食物单词：rice，fish，beef，soup，noodles，vegetable，
juice，bread，milk，chicken，hotdog， humburger.这些单词量多，个别单词比较长，如果生教硬套，学生会学得很吃力。我是这样设计的：课前安排学生分别带一种食物，教师也准备好各种食物的图片，上课时将这些食物图片按先食品，后饮料的顺序展示给每一位学生。出示一张图片时，教师可以做出十分高兴的样子。一边说，Wow!rice.一边假装吃起来。这样，不仅让学生知道了米饭怎样读，同时更让学生觉得你很有幽默感，很亲切。教师在教授了多张食品图时，可以拿出真的饮料，一边喝，一边说单词。这样的举动，不仅可以让说了很多话的你滋润一下嗓子，更加让学生感受到课堂的活跃与轻松。在学生理解了这些单词的意思后，教师可以让学生拿出自己的食物，一边说出它的名称，一边吃，以此展示这种食物的口感。或许有教师会认为，这样的做法，是一种变相教学生上课可以吃东西的行为。但是我觉得只要教师掌握好课堂的收与放，让学生知道，该听课时应该认真听，做游戏时可以大胆的做，可以吃东西时也能尽情地吃。一堂课，学生不仅能很好地掌握好该节课的内容，而且充分表现了英语教学与其它学科的不同，使原本茫然的学科，变得简单、生动、有趣，更加深了学生对老师的喜欢。我觉得要想让学生学好你所教的学科，首先要让学生喜欢你，通常小学中的学生学一门学科，都是因为喜欢该学科的教师。每到这位教师上课，他就会十分高兴，从而十分认真地听课。我觉得，英语教学对于小学生来说原本就十分陌生，更不能让他们觉得枯燥，所以在教学中开展各种各样的活动很有必要。即使有些活动很夸张，但我觉得它更是对教学的一种推动。
英语教学和其他学科有很大的不同，其他学科有很好的语言环境，然而，中国很多学校都不能给学生
菊粉酶
提供很好的语言学习环境。使得学生只能在课堂中学习英语，感受英语。离开课堂，他们的生活与英语就几乎完全脱离，同时，绝大多数学生回家从不看英语，读英语。所以，作为英语教师的我们，应该在课堂中充分调动学生的积极性，使课堂快乐起来，让课堂的快乐感染学生，使之离开课堂后能自觉学习英语，使教与学形成双向交流的行为，这样我们的教学才能达到事半功倍的效果。
谈在小学英语教学中开展快乐英语教学
■倪俊伟 （河南省确山县瓦岗中心学校 463200）
【摘 要】 作为英语教师，应该在课堂中充分调动学生的积极性，使课堂快乐起来，使教与学形成双向交流的行为，这样的教学才能达到事半功倍的效果。lisink
【关键词】 英语教学；快乐教学【中图分类号】G62.20 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）13-0150-011.Introduction
Ernest Miller Hemingway is an author with a long-cherished reputation all over the world. The distinctive accomplishment of his literary works stems from the authenticity of characters as well as the iceberg theory featured by conciness and understatement. In 1954, receiving the Nobel Prize assisted him to enjoy a more splendid and brilliant future.
Hills Like White Elephants is one of his reprentative works. The plot is expanded as an American couple is traveling around Spain. The main idea is about whether the heroine, named Jig, should make up her mind to take the aborticide or not. Her mate keeps implying the foeticide and taking pains to overpersuade Jig that an abortion is perfectly natural, however Jig feels unsure about getting the miscarriage.In this paper, the author aims at analyzing Earnest Hemmingway’s Hills Like White Elephants in order to probe into his writing techniques, the relationships between the American couple, the profound connotation of the entire story, especially the psychological change process of Jig.
2. Psychological Changes of the Heroine 2.1 Dependence and Flattery
Jig has become disillusioned with their relationship, even though she probably knows what she is getting into. To a large extent she still needs her mate, who must bear all the expen during the travel and knows the Spanish as well as the route.
As for the conversational tactics of the couple, the embarrassment is that she must have the motherhood, but she dares not inquire her mate about this
解析《白象似的群山》女主人公的心理变化
■王雅迪 （青岛理工大学琴岛学院 266000）
【中图分类号】G64.30
【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）13-0150-01
外语外文
逗号的用法
doubt. Her misgiving is manifested by holding two strings of beads until she moves toward the other orientation of the railway station, followed by her mate who walks to the same direction, since both of them take a at after walking backward to the table.
The hills across the bleak valley were described by heroine as white elephants, which are the simile with a subaudition. In her eyes, white elephants are as adorable as their forthcoming baby, while the American perceives that the baby will probably be a barrier just like white elephants. He feels like wealling out of this unfavorable responsibility, thus he makes attempts to persuade Jig to have miscarriage of the baby, which exerts an impact on their relationship.世界新闻自由日
In terms of the dialogue between Jig and the American, he mentions beer just by noting how hot it is. The manipulation is manifested when the hero guides heroine to reach a connsus about the unborn baby. She attemps to ridicule his remarks, but ending up with silence.
Jig is told that it is unnecessary to have the miscarriage if she paus and ponders. The unrealistic promis of the American are the betrayal of trust to Jig. The hero takes pains to make a compromi with heroine, as if they are equal, while he still wants her to miscarry the baby as well. Any concern he shows is undermined by the apparent lf-contradiction.
2.2 Contradiction and Struggle
Hemingway (1927) confesd to a friend that he learned to write about landscapes by means of staring at artworks of Paul Cezanne at the very beginning of his career. He accounted for it at length, for instance, the omission of “miscarriage” and the tension would intensify the plot. Hemingway regarded Americans are not in a position to have a cheerful and contented life under the rious constraints in USA while Europe is totally different. The hero attempts to get around Jig’s feeling of loss as she looks at the European countryside. Jig believes that the unforgettable happy life has ended since her mate has changed. Jig argues against the current situation through using the symbolism to describe the valley with a vivifying view.
The verbs, such as “want,” “have,” “love,” bound up with the miscarriage, and assist to manifest that the abortion would be a watershed event in their relationship. Such a clear awareness is exactly what the man is attempting to get rid of. Taking the miscarriage will assist him to realize the lf-emancipation
from the upt pressure, but unfortunately this is a hallucination. Heroine makes efforts to alter their current relationship, while the hero strives to lead a life as light-hearted as before.
biggerAlthough both characters u language to express their anxieties and even gain power over the other, none of constructive communication occurs to facilitate them to reach a reconciliation. The drinks, a safe topic, become the satire of the his behavior, meanwhile the drinks make his mate despair. Jig believes that she is able to keep the unborn baby or the American but not both. Therefore she is adjusting, meanwhile prenting the strong rervations. The couple mentions neither abortion or marriage directly. Although the American ems to understand metaphors in other statements by Jig, he resists speaking metaphorically becau he wants to asrt the logic of having the abortion. The couple mentions neither abortion or marriage directly.The couple obscures their real intentions, thus both of them feel confud about it in that the American talked from the angle of a male, while Jig applies the female communication strategies. Their arguing enters into another sta
ge in that she disapproves of the miscarriage. The American gradually los the initiative of their conversation. Therefore, many of Jig’s statements become sarcastic.
2.3 Awakening and Independence
In terms of structure, Hemingway spared no efforts to design a peaceful surrounding. Jig endeavors to dispen from head-on confrontation with her mate, meanwhile her satire makes it lf-evident that she is not weak. The heroine is unwilling to be restricted by him, which mounts tension as the story progress.
As for language and wealth, the man owns the absolute predominance at the beginning. Heroine’s authority is physical in that she is imaginative, fecund, and resistant to hero’s cultural weapons. The hero reacts defensively after they first share opinions on the white elephant, after that he behaves like a boy. He gradually los control of their controversy in that language as well as wealth is gradually feeble.
Ironically, her pregnancy as well as his fatherhood is fruits of his fertility. At the very end of this story, “five minutes” makes overt that the time is under the control of heroine. Her challenges of his authority manifest the collap of his logic.
哺乳动物的意思
一、排除影响听力理解的障碍（一）语言障碍
1.语音、语调。语言首先是有声的，其最本质的物质外壳是语音、语调。学习语言，如果语音不准，又不能正确把握语调，就会失去一定的辩音能力，这势必影响整体的听力理解。
2.语言知识。语言知识对听力产生的困难体现在词汇、短语、句型和语法等方面。许多人认为：听得越多，听力理解能力越强。诚然，多听是提高听力的一种积极手段，但听力水平的高低不完全取决于听的次数多少，它还与听者的英语知识水平密切相关。
（二）心理障碍
根据心理语言学理论，学生的心理因素对听力效果有一定的影响。具备良好的心理素质是提高听力的必要条件。如果听音时积极、主动，充满信心，不带任何心理负担，就可以最大限度地发挥听者的正常水平。
产地英文（三）文化知识障碍
每个国家和民族在发展过程中形成了自己的文化。了解英语国家的文化背景对提高听力理解能力有很大的帮助，因为学生在学习母语的过程中已经形成了一种对本民族背景文化的了解和自我认同。
blonde是什么意思
影响听力的主要障碍——语言、心理和文化三个方面是相互影响、相互作用的，因此在教学过程中教师必须采取正确的策略和方法。
二、提高听力水平的训练策略（一）课堂教学中的听力实践
训练学生的听力要与平时的教学紧密结合，充分利用每节课的时间让学生多得到听的机会，以弥补由于缺乏英语环境而造成的接触机会不足。
1.用英语组织课堂教学。除了使用英语课堂用语外，如问候，指示，解释练习的步骤，纠正错误，表扬等，还要用英语简单地解释词汇含义和用法、句型结构和语法现象等，高中教材中有不少简单易用的语法用语。
2.用英语进行课文整体教学。将课文进行支离破碎的语言讲解和句子分析，不利于学生理解和运用语言知识。把课文作为一个整体来教，用听说贯穿整个课文教学过程、既可以提高学生的英语听说能力，又能营造课堂的英语气氛，激发学生的学习兴趣。学生通过听老师讲解生词、介绍课文，做口头回答问题练习、听课文录音、复述段落或课文等。这样就使以听为基础的听、说、读贯穿着整堂课。
3.听写。听写是训练听力能力的一种好手段，它对促进学生语言能力的全面发展很有帮助，因为学生既要能听懂又要能用文字记录下来，是需要具备听力、拼写和句型结构等技能和知识的。
（二）听力训练必须循序渐进
回转半径浅谈如何提高高中学生的英语听力水平
■吕新芳 （新疆第七师高级中学 833200）
【摘 要】 随着经济高速发展、信息全球化的到来，英语作为国际语言，正以迅雷不及掩耳之势遍及世界各地。在这样的大背景下，英语毫无悬念地成为了学校的主要课程之一，英语口语也日益凸显其重要性。随着新课标的深入推行，英语教学发生了建设性变化，英语口语在英语教学中也越来越重要。但是由于传统教学的影响，口语训练在教学过程中受到很多干扰，这就要求教师在整体上提升教学质量。致命诡计
【关键词】 高中英语；口语；教学【中图分类号】G63.22 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）13-0151-01
