第2章语音
I. Fill in the blanks.
administrator什么意思1. The sound /p/can be described with “______, bilabial, stop”.
【答案】voiceless
【解析】/p/是双唇音，爆破音，清音。
2. According to ______, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the ont rather than the coda.
【答案】The maximal ont principle
【解析】当一个辅音既可放在节首也可放在节尾时，根据最大节首原则应将其放在节首。
3. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel. And as a result are most conveniently described in terms of ______ and manner of articulation.
【答案】place
【解析】辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。
4. ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.
【答案】Consonants
【解析】发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全
被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。
5. The prent system of the ______ derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881-1967), and his colleagues at University of London.
【答案】cardinal vowels
cnv
【解析】基本元音是指一系列约定俗成、固定不变的元音特质，目的是为语言中实际存在的元音描述提供一个参照框架。
7. The sound /k/ can be described with “voiceless, ______ , stop”.
【答案】velar
【解析】/k/是清音，软腭音，爆破音。
8. ______ transcription should transcribe all the possible speech sounds, including the minute shades.
【答案】Narrow
【解析】当我们用复杂的符号精确地标记语音所有可能的细小变化时，我们称之为“严式转写”。
9. ______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.
【答案】Assimilationamorous
【解析】同化指一个音具有了邻近音的一部分或者全部特征的这一过程，包括鼻化、齿化、鄂化。
10. Stress refers to the degree of ______ ud in producing a syllable.
【答案】force
【解析】重音指在音节发音时所用的力度。
11. The syllable structure in Chine is ______ or ______ or ______.
【答案】CVC,CV, V
【解析】普通话的音节中节首位置最多有一个辅音，结尾只能是鼻音/n, ŋ/，所以汉语的音节可以写为(C)V(C)。
12. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different
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but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are ______.
【答案】Allophones
【解析】同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。因为变体是互补分布的，而且发音相似。
13. In English, the two words cut and gut differ only in their initial sounds and the
two sounds are two different ______ and the two words are a ______ pair.
【答案】phonemes; minimal
【解析】/k/、/g/在cut 和gut是两个不同的音位，这两个词，除了出现在同一位置上的
一个音外，其余的音都一样，因此这两个词就构成了一个最小的对立体。
14. In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply becautsubaki
of the two phonemes/f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating ______. (戴模) 【答案】Minimal pairs
【解析】如果有两个词，它们除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外，其余的音都一样，那么这两个词就构成了一个最小的对立体，所以fail-veil是最小对立体。
15. In English there are a number of ______ , which are produced by moving from
one vowel position to another through intervening positions.
【答案】Diphthongs
【解析】如果在发音时通过舌头的一次运动，由第一个单元音滑向第二个单元音，这样产生的音的组合就叫做双元音。
16. ______ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech.
【答案】Articulatory
17. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of
sound. The movements have an effect on the ______ coming from the lungs. 【答案】airstream
18. Consonant sounds can be either ______ or ______ , while all vowel sounds are 【答案】voiced; voiceless; voiced
19. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth
are brought clo together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing ______.
【答案】friction
carlsson20. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the ______ and the lips. 【答案】tongue
II. Multiple Choice
1. Of the three cavities. ______ is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.
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A. nasal cavity
B. pharynx cavity
C. oral cavity
【答案】C
【解析】在三大发音器官中，气流在口腔中受挤或转向从而产生不同的声音。
2. Of the consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /m/, /z/ and /g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar?
voltsA. /k/
B. /p/
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C. /g/
D. /t/
【答案】A
【解析】/k/是清音，软腭音，爆破音；/t/是齿龈音，爆破音，清音；/g/是浊音，软腭音，爆破音，/p/是双唇音，爆破音，轻音。
3. The consonant /s/ in the word “smile”can be described as:
A. voiceless, oral, alveolar, fricative
B. voiceless, nasal, bilabial, liquid
C. voiced, oral, alveolar, plosive
突破英语
D. voiced, oral, bilabial, fricative
【答案】A
【解析】/s/是清音，摩擦音，齿龈音。
4. The vowel ______ is a low back vowel.
A. /i:/
B. /u/
C. /e/
D. / a:/
【答案】D
