⾼考英语阅读理解专题训练答案含解析
⾼考英语阅读理解专题训练答案含解析
⼀、⾼中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Scientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist. It's a stellar black hole—the type that forms after stars die, collap, and explode. Rearchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun becau 8S the stars die, they lo most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds
This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press relea from the Chine Academy of Sciences.
The findings were published by Chine rearchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday.
"Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."
Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.
The Chine team has propod a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it "was not formed from the collap of only one star," the study said— instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.
Another possibility is that it formed from "fallback supermova." This is when a supernoma—the last stage of an exploding star —ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.
This fallback formation is theoretically possible but scientists have never been able to prove or obrve it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process" for the first time, the study said.
There are veral types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger—they can be billions of times the mass of our sun,
Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.
（1）Why does the writer write the article?
A.To report the great achievement Chine scientists have made in black hole theory,
B.To inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,
C.To share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,
D.To demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.
（2）Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?
A.It is the biggest black hole ever discovered.
B.It lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.
C.It couldn't have been formed from the collap of one star.
D.Its discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the "fallback formation theory".
忽略不计（3）Which of the following is right according to the passage?
A.If the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.
B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.
C."The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapd and exploded.
D.If "the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
english news【解析】【分析】本⽂是⼀篇新闻报道，报道了科学家们已经发现了⼀个“巨型⿊洞”，其质量之⼤，在理论上是不应该存在。但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的⿊洞LB-1所推翻。科学家们现在正绞尽脑汁研究LB-1是如何变得如此巨⼤的，并介绍了⼏种可能性的理论。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第⼀段中的“Scientists have discovered a ‘monster black hole’ so massive that, in theory, it should n't exist.”可知，科学家们已经发现了⼀个“巨型⿊洞”，其质量之⼤，在理论上是不应该存在；再根据第三段“This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press relea from the Chi ne Academy of Sciences.”可知，但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的⿊洞LB-1所推翻。根据中国科学院的⼀份新闻稿，它位于15000光年之外，质量是太阳的70倍。所以判断出作者写这篇⽂章的⽬的是与读者分享⿊洞发现的新进展，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have‘direct evidence for this process’ for the first time.”可知，如果这就是LB-1的形成过程，那么我们可能⾸次有了“这⼀过程的直接证据”。所以LB-1这⼀发现可能会
给“后援形成理论”带来⼀些突破。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第⼆段中的“becau 8S the stars die, they lo most of their mass throu
gh explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.”可知，因为这些恒星会死亡，它们⼤部分质量因爆炸⽽损失，恒星风会把爆炸释放出来的物质和⽓体吹⾛。所以如果我们星系中的太阳死亡，它的⼀部分质量会被恒星风吹⾛。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是⼀篇新闻报道，考⽣需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下⽂进⾏逻辑推理，从⽽选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
free loop什么意思
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered cond-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of paration. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choo to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when tho friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a rearch team led by Candace Croney at Penn
State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, mylf. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长⽬动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to e that along with our clost living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on the mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circus, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.lantivy
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up wit
h the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of cour, committed to not eating the animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of the animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.
A. interaction
B. analysis
C. creation
D. abstraction
（2）The rearch into pigs shows that pigs___________.
A. learn letters quickly
B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
D. can apply knowledge to new situations
（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
上海口译考试网
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themlves
（4）What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals
B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C. Science Reports on Food Animals
D. A Revolution in Food Animals
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是⼀篇议论⽂。⽂章论述了我们原来当作⾷物的动物实际上也有情感有思想，它们有⼀定的分析推理能⼒。⼈类不应只将它们当作⾷物。
（1）推理判断题。由第⼆段中的“Whe n given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choo to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩⾊纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的⾷物奖励，换取稍晚⼀些(⽽且更好)的⾷物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能⼒。故B选项正确。
（2）推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a rearch tea
m led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a n ot inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，⼀些研究者拿着带X标记的⽊板，⼀些研究者拿着带O标记的⽊板，只有拿带O标记⽊板的研究者给猪提供⾷物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当⽊板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只⾛向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了⼆维的形式，这是⼀种相当⼤的推理壮举。结合选项，D选项正确。
app store是什么（3）段落⼤意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel Fairly soon, I came to e that along with our clost living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circus, and dolphins kept in small tank s at theme parks.”可知，数⼗年前，作者坚信猴⼦和猩猩在思考能⼒和情感上都胜过其他
的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴⼦和猩猩，鲸鱼也是⽂化学习的主⼈，⼤象也表现出⾼兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴⼦只能是实验室⾥的实验对象，⼤象只能在马戏团⾥进⾏表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭⼩的池⼦⾥。很明显，本段介绍的是⼈们对动物看法的转变。故C 选项正确。
（4）标题归纳题。第⼀段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是⼆等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发⽣变化）。第⼆和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能⼒。第四段介绍了⼈们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有⾃⼰的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的⾷物。结合每段⼤意可知，该⽂主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故A选项适合做该⽂标题。
【点评】⽂章标题解题技巧：（1）要在阅读原⽂的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与⽂章主题是否有密切的联系；（2）再看它对⽂章的概括性或覆盖⾯如何；（3）要注意题⽬是过⼤还是过⼩；（4）要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从⽽导致范围太⼩）；②过度概括（多表现为⼈为扩⼤范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的⼤意。
3．阅读理解
consideringTaxi-booking app Uber agreed to ll its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been f
ierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chine market with an 87% share. Uber China launched in 2014, but it had failed to make any profit for a long time. Cheng Wei, founder and chief executive of Didi Chuxing, said the two companies had learned a great deal from each other over the past two years in China. He added that the deal would t the mobile transportation industry on a healthier path of growth at a higher level. As part of the deal, Mr. Cheng would join the board of Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick would also join Didi's board.
Uber's China business would own its parate branding while US-bad Uber Technologies would hold about 17.5% in the combined company. Didi Chuxing is backed by Chine Internet giants Tencent and Alibaba.
Uber had been struggling to break into the Chine market despite having Chine arch engine Baidu as an investor. Last February, the company admitted it was losing more than $1 billion a year in China. “Funding their Chine dreams was becoming too expensive for Uber,” Duncan Clark, chairman of Beijing-bad consultancy B DA, told the BBC. Travis Kalanick said, “As a businessman, I've learned that being successful is about listening to your head as well as following your heart.”
The fierce competition had led both companies to spend much more on their journeys. The combination is likely to e fewer such subsidies（补贴）. “One thing to watch carefully is how quickly consumers feel the impact as subsidies are withdrawn.”Mr. Clark added.
The deal with Didi Chuxing came just days after China had agreed to provide a legal framework for taxi-ordering apps. Both Uber and Didi welcomed the decision. The new rules took effect last November and could, among other things, forbid such platforms to operate below cost.
（1）According to the cond paragraph, what can we know?
A. Being successful is about listening to your head and following your heart.
B. The deal would make the mobile transportation industry grow much faster.
C. Didi Chuxing had learnt more in China than Uber over the past two years.
D. Mr. Cheng would be working as a member of the board of Uber as planned.
（2）What is the best title of the passage?
A. Uber sold Chine business to Didi Chuxing
B. Using Didi Chuxing brings more subsidies
C. Listen to your head and follow your heart
D. The new rules took effect last November （3）What is the impact of the fierce competition between Uber and Didi?
A. Uber dominated the Chine market with an 87% share.
B. China provided a legal framework for taxi-ordering apps.
C. Funding their Chine dreams became expensive for Uber.
D. Chine arch engine Baidu became an investor of Uber's.
（4）The passage is probably taken from a website about ________.
A. apps
B. politics
C. economy
D. technology
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本⽂是⼀篇新闻报道，优步将中国业务出售给滴滴出⾏。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第⼆段中的“As part of the deal, Mr. Cheng would join the board of Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick would also join Didi's board.”可知，Mr. Cheng将按计划担任优步董事会成员。故选D。
(2)考查主旨⼤意。根据第⼀段中的“Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to ll its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chine market with an 87% share.”可知，优步将中国业务出售给滴滴出⾏。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Funding their Chine dreams was becoming too expensive for Uber,”可知，优步和滴滴之间激烈竞争对优步来说，为他们的中国梦提供资⾦变得很昂贵。故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第⼀段中的“Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to ll its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chine market with an 87% share.”可推知这篇⽂章很可能来⾃⼀个⽹址的“经济栏⽬”。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨⼤意三个题型的考查，是⼀篇新闻报道，考⽣需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下⽂进⾏逻辑推理，概括归纳，从⽽选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
From the loss of wildlife to rising a levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cau.
wnBut while it may em like such issues won't affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate.
lookoutAccording to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao - the plant from which chocolate is produce
d - may mean that it will soon become extinct.
Most of the world's cacao grows in countries clo to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.
put offIt's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in the countries ri, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there.
The problem doesn't lie in incread heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature ris.
“In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze m ore water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increa enough to offt the moisture (含⽔量) loss,” Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.
To help fight this problem, rearchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US News.
In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products,
announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.
“This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together,” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider. The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.
（1）What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future?
A. The incread heat there.
