Paris can learn others’lessons in loss after Notre Dame fire
巴黎圣母院失火后可以吸取的教训
导读:2019年4月15日晚,拥有850余年历史的巴黎圣母院遭遇火灾,400多位消防员奋力扑救9个小时最终将大火扑灭。一度失控的烈火将教堂顶部大部分木制结构烧毁,具有象征意义的圣母院尖塔也在大火中倒塌。这座哥德式教堂更因法国文学家雨果所著作的同名小说《巴黎圣母院》而闻名,每年吸引数百万游客。但是关于巴黎圣母院的故事,远不止小说上的内容。“一场大火所毁灭的,不只是停留在历史上的人类文明遗产,更是人类未来的某种可能。”——梁文道。
①As dawn broke over Notre Dame on April16,the day after it burned,small fires still smoldered.Its ancient timber-framed roof and spire had gone up in smoke.But the cathedral stood firm,an imposing,massive prence that the blaze disfigured but did not destroy.
bec剑桥商务英语段落分析:开头首句写教堂现在的情况,后两句写大火造成的结果——毁容但未被摧毁。精读解析:
►dawn[dɔːn]做名词义为“黎明、开端”(the first appearance of light in the sky before sunri)文中的用法是与break over连用,如《海上日出》这篇散文中有一句Soon a streak of pink dawn broke over the horizon转眼间天边出现了一道红霞。其他常用短语from dawn to or till dusk从早到晚,at dawn黎明时,at the crack of dawn一大早。做动词义为“破晓“,如the day dawned sunny and warm天亮了,阳光明媚,温暖宜人,a new era has dawned in China中国进入了一个新纪元。同义词有start,begin, commencement(较正式的“开始”),origin,ont,birth细节题处要注意改写的可能性。考研
小贴士:2017年考研英语一试题中曾有一道事实细节题,文中使用“the dawn”,选项中使用“initially”进行改写,了解该词语的意思才能顺利答题。【写作推荐】
►Notre Dame[ˈnoʊtrədeɪm]意为”巴黎圣母院”,我们在网络常说的一句话:Notre Dame DE Paris less of the bells,will you.巴黎圣母院少个敲钟的,就你了。美国有所天主教研究型大学,叫“Uuniversity of Notre Dame“译为圣母大学。2018年北大翻硕考研真题中有一名词翻译题就是“Notre
Dame de Paris”
►smolder[ˈsməʊldə(r)]意为闷烧、阴燃(a fire that burns with thick smoke but no flame),这种燃烧和fire的区别是它是没有火苗的。引申义可以是“郁积、被镇压”,表现出一种被suppresd anger,hate或者jealousy,总而言之是一种powful emotion.如eyes smoldering with hate。2003年对外经贸大学考研同义词真题也考察了smolder这个词汇。
►timber-frame|ˈtɪmbəfreɪmd|木质构架的(framed by expod timbers)如In1936, the timber-framed hall and its surrounding parkland was handed over to the local council 1936年,木结构大厅及其周围的公园被移交给地方议会。
►spire[ˈspaɪə(r)](教堂等顶部的)尖塔,尖顶(a tall pointed structure on the top of a building,especially a church)如The church spire was struck by lightning.教堂的尖顶遭到了雷击。季羡林先生的《黎明前的北京》中有一句The glittering spire atop the tower of the daytime through my window透过我的窗户,白昼之塔顶上闪闪发光的尖顶►go up这里的go up不是“上涨,上升”之义,而“燃烧”之义,go up in flames/smoke 是个固定搭配=burn,如I was going to get out of the building in ca it went up我怕大楼起火,正打算要跑出去。
colorful是什么意思►stood firm散文《狗》讲了一个怕狗的小孩,其中有一句“I stood firm and so did he”它用怒目看我,中译英在线翻译器
following是什么意思我便也用怒目看它。这个短语可以形容人和动物,也可像文中这样活用形容建筑。
火星时代
►imposing[ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ]意为“壮观的,使人印象深刻的”(grand and impressive in appearance),可用于形容”building,figure,prence,stature”如a grand and imposing building雄伟壮观的建筑物。a tall imposing woman高大壮硕的女人。作动词时有“把……强加于某人”之义,imposing这个词最早来源于法语词汇impor,意思是”to inflict”“施压”,所以这个词的意思是壮观到以至于有了深刻印象,同义词有distinguished,grand, magisterial,impressive
►blaze[bleɪz],意为“烈火”(to burn brightly and strongly)”blaze=fire与上文提到的“smolder”类似,blaze也有“大怒等激动情绪”的引申义,如his anger blazed up suddenly 他勃然大怒,enthusiasm blazed up in him他迸发出满腔热情。也可以用这个词来表示其他类型的亮度或闪光。比如当迈克尔乔丹在NBA打球时,he blazed across the league他在整个联盟都表现出色。Fashion trends that catch on quickly blaze across the country.流行的时尚潮流迅速在全国流行开来。如果某物像野火一样蔓延或发光,就可以用blaze形容它。blaze a trial(to be the first to discover sth)做开路先锋
►disfigured[dɪsˈfɪɡəd]意为“损毁…的外形;变丑”(having the appearance spoiled)to disfigure就是ruin某物的appearance,如This part of the old town has been disfigured by ugly new buildings.老城的这一地区已经被丑陋的新建筑搞得面目全非了。
本段翻译:4月16日,圣母院破晓,大火燃烧的第二天,小火仍在燃烧。它古老的木结构屋顶和尖顶已经冒烟了。但大教堂屹立不倒,这是一个宏伟的、巨大的存在,大火让教堂毁容但没有摧毁它。
②Parisians were in shock.The spectacular flames had come clo to destroying one of their city’s icons.It will take years to restore.But the near-catastrophe has reminded a city shaken in recent months by violent social protests of what its citizens have in common:their history.“I’ve noticed that this has prompted a coming together,a n of solidarity,”says Alain Meunier,who stopped on his way to work to take a smartphone picture of Notre Dame.“There is a strong collective emotion.”
段落分析:第二段借一个市民之口,将大火这条明线牵动起的巴黎人集体主义情感的暗线拉出来。
►parisian[pə'rizjən]意为“巴黎人的”(a native or inhabitant of Paris),设计师会提到的“Parisian chic”法式时髦。
►spectacular[spekˈtækjələ(r)]意为“壮观的,惊人的”,可以形容节目、表演display,fashion,growth,景观image,mountain,ri,scenery,show,sight,sunt,view, waterfall,强调有着over-the top的水准,还可形容结果成绩result,success用在这里表示某件事是一个罕见的创举,a real stop-and-stare moment一个值得驻足凝视的时刻。a spectacular ri/fall in hou prices房价的暴涨/暴跌,这是一个表达“好“的高级用法,写作推荐,我发过的写作高级词汇替代表格中,类似的还有“incredible,magnific
ent,adorable, fantastic,fascinating”等
►City‘s icon下次想表达“地标建筑”时别再用“landmark building”啦
►Restore[ri'stɔ:]意为“恢复,还原”(bring back into original existence,u, function,or position),这种修复可以是形容物品的,如修复家具restore the furniture,恢复供电the power is restored;也可形容人健康、视力、心理的恢复,如restore sb’s sight, restore to health,restore one’s confidence,restore one’s reputation.恢复名誉After a cup of tea,she felt quite restored.喝了一杯茶后,她感觉恢复了精力。这种修复强调恢复到事物原来的样子,没有让它变得更好或添加新的东西。考研同义词可能会考到,与reestablish,reinstate同义。
bypass►prompt[prɒmpt]意为“立即;迅速的”(performed readily or immediately)常用于形容“command,respon,decision,refund”等,这种迅速的带有积极的提醒般的情感色彩,如honking your car horn prompts your friend to get moving,and speaking up in defen of your classmate might prompt a bully to change his ways.按汽车喇叭会让你的朋友动起来,为你的同学辩护会让一个恶霸改变他的方式。If a director prompts an actor who's forgotten his lines,she reminds him what comes next.如果一个导演提示一个忘记台词的演员,她会提醒他接下来会发生什么。2014考研Section I的阅读文章U of Language中出现过细节题,考察上下文“motivate”和“prompt”是同义对应词。
►solidarity[ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti],意为“团结,齐心协力”,常用来形容因有共同的感受、观点、目标、背景而结合而成的团体、阶级等等(support by one person or group of people for another becau they share feelings,opinions,aims)比如,在街上成群结队游行的市民,他们一般都举着旗帜喊着口号holding signs,and chanting slogans,他们是in solidarity with each other的,因为他们有共同的purpo.任何时候你表达对一个团体或其中的人的支持,你都是在showing solidarity with them应援他们。hobby什么意思
摔交
jewels►collective[kəˈlektɪv],意为“集体的;共同的”(done or shared by all members of a group of people;involving a whole group or society)与上一个词“solidarity”,下文的“unite相呼应,强调一群人所共有的。如collective agreement,collective memories,集体协议,集体回忆。If you work well with others,then you appreciate how collective efforts can often result in better results.如果你和别人合作得很好,那么你就会意识到集体努力往往能带来更好的结果。同义词有“corporate,joint,united”2018年考研英语一阅读文章中有一句“There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS”美国邮政的集体谈判没有变化。
本段翻译:巴黎人感到震惊。壮观的火焰几乎摧毁了他们城市的一个标志。恢复需要几年的时间。但这场近乎灾难的灾难提醒了一个最近几个月因暴力社会抗议而受到震动的城市,它的市民有共同点:他们的历史。“我注意到,这促使人们团结起来,团结起来,”阿兰·梅尼尔说,他在上班途中停下脚步,
用智能手机给圣母院拍了一张照片。“有强烈的集体情感。”
英语在线
③How successfully they have recovered from loss ems to depend on their ability to draw upon what unites their residents.Three French billionaires,the city of Paris,and others have already pledged$960million for this effort.Authorities in Warsaw relied on similar patronage in the1970s when they t about rebuilding the ancient Royal Castle, which had been“a symbol of Poland’s independence and sovereignty”and a powerful element of Poles’national identity,according to the castle’s curator,Bozena Radzio.
段落分析:援引过往修复方案,为今日修复给出建议——依靠独立和共同认同感的文化精神带来的资金赞助
►draw upon意为“利用,开出,总结”(do with,summaize)【写作推荐】
►pledge[pledʒ]意为“保证,许诺”(formally promi to give or do sth),可做名词或动词,名词如a pledge of support支援的许诺,一般用在非常正式的承诺,动词比如pledge allegiance to your country宣誓效忠国家,pledge to keep a cre t保证保守秘密, pledge a sum of money to a cau为一项事业捐一笔钱。比如美国第32任总统富兰克林罗斯福(Franklin D.Roovelt)的就职誓言“I pledge you,I pledge mylf,to a new deal for the American people,”vowed Franklin D.Roovelt,the32nd Presiden
t of the United States.“我向你保证,我向自己保证,为美国人民制定一项新政。”2019年考研英语一Text3文章《AI can have values if not a conscience》中有一句“Google pledged not to“design or deploy AI”谷歌承诺不会设计或部署人工智能。
►patronage[ˈpætrənɪdʒ],意为“赞助;光顾;任免权”(the support,especially financial,that is given to a person or an organization),同义词有“sponsorship,auspice”本段翻译:他们如何成功地从损失中恢复过来,似乎取决于他们是否有能力利用团结他们居民的力量。三位法国亿万富翁,巴黎市和其他人已经为这一努力认捐了9.6亿美元。华沙当局在上世纪70年代开始重建这座古老的皇家城堡时,也依靠类似的赞助,据城堡馆长博泽娜·拉迪奥(Bozena Radzio)介绍,这座城堡曾是“波兰独立和主权的象征”,也是波兰民族身份的一个强大元素。
④That,she says,explains why Adolf Hitler ordered that the fortress be blown up during