高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：
| 条件状语从句 | 主 句 |
goround与过去事实相反 | had + 过去分词 | should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词 |
与现在事实相反 | 一般过去时(besooner用were) | would/should/could/might + 动词原形 |
与将来事实相反 | 地区英文一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 | would/should/could/might + 动词原形 |
| | |
例句：
（1）表示与现在事实相反
exciting If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
（2）表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
（3）表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：
Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：英语学习成人with，otherwi，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
（一）should类jerry maguire
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propo， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：He suggests that she should leave the hou at once.
The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.
He propod that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest，order，demand，propo，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要
使用虚拟语气。如：The general nt the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we（should） t a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，propod，etc.）结构以及necessary，esntial，important，strange，任性的英文natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.
（二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 2013高考英语听力由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：
If only I had pasd the test！
If only it stopped raining！
4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：
It is time we went out for a walk.
mouthjobIt was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：
Would you mind smoking here？
May you be lucky！
Long live the people of China！
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1．--- With the failure of the experiment, we have reached a dead end.midget
--- Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events________ fi
rst.
A．don’t happen B．didn’t happen
C．hadn’t happened D．haven’t happened
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。上句：由于实验失败，我们已到了穷途末路。下句：振作起来！很多好事从来不会发生，如果坏事首先没有发生的话。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态。故选C。
【名师点睛】
If引导的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. 如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如： If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
2．They desired that they __________ the right to attend the meeting.
A．had B．have C．are D．were
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：句意：他们要求他们有权力去参加会议。这里have the right to do有权力做某事。因为主句的谓语动词是desire它的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句的谓语应该用should+动词原形。should可以省略。故选B。
