七年级阅读复习专题 一、授课思路 本节课对阅读专题进行学习，掌握阅读做题的思路和技巧。 二、专题学习 一、 完形填空的特点是什么？ 完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。 文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思，然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。 二、完形填空题的设置方法 1. 句子层次的设空 （从词汇、惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用方面进行设计） 指那些只需读懂“空格”所在句子便可选出答案的题目，包括词义识别，同义词辨析，英语惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用。 例1：When you take your clothes off, remember to 1 . Get into the habit of(养成…的习惯) taking glass and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking. ( ) 1. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away 例2：Only Mother’s Love is true love. She gives you everything all her life. When you are a baby, mother looks after you 1 . In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she 2 her work right away to look after you. When you are growing up, she feels 3 . ( )1. A. careful B. carefully C. good D. badly ( )2. A. does B. goes on C. stops D. likes ( )3. A. sad B. silly C. upt D. happy 2. 句群层次的设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力) 指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。这种题目相对较难，但只要你能根据上下文的内容进行考虑，一定能选出正确的答案。 ①前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。 例新年快乐的英文1：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance 例2：Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming(尖叫) loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 1 . You, probably! ( ) 1. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable(舒适的) ②后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目，即在下文某处有提示。 例1：Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …” A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew 例2： Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many B. all C. two D. three Even though you may not realize(意识到) it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themlves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more 1 7826things to spend money on, like the electricity(电) bill and food. ( ) 1. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising 3. 语篇性设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力) 指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。这种题目难度较高，需要我们在全面理解文章的正确意思下才能做出正确的选择，这种题目主要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生的分数，但题目不会太多。 例：Sometimes you may not understand your parents….You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough. ( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last 三、完形填空解题步骤与要领 第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意 细读首句: 明确短文话题，了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。 跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。 生词的处理；跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜测。 第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。 答案要求 语法正确, 搭配无误anyclub, 结构完整，意思通顺, 前后一致, 逻辑得当。 怎样分析： A. 从空格所在的句子单独考虑。 B. 从空格所在的前后2-3德福考试句考虑。 C. 从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。 思路一: 分析句子结构，从语法和句型结构考虑。 思路二: 理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。 思路三: 把握整体意思，寻找答题线索，从上下文考虑。 思路四: 结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理，从日常生活常识考虑。 第三步： 复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心。 ▲怎样验证答案： ① 所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。 ② 具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。 ③ 语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。 在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。 四、具体的解题方法与技巧 在解题时，除了运用“前制性设空”、“后制性设空”和“语篇性设空”的知识进行解题外，还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。 （１）语意第一，语法第二原则。 根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案。 例1：A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden and talking about ______ ． A. trees B. flowers C. children D. old people 【点拨】【A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden, and talking about __________. The young man said, "How strict should parents be with their children?】 例2：Little Tom wondered what would happen to the eggs. Two weeks later, little Tom found some chicks ____ out of the shells(the police蛋壳). A. walked B. ran C. jumped D. struggled 例3：It took Charlie Mui veral months to save up ven dollars. He wanted to ______ a model plane and went to the shop with the money A. ll B. buy C. hold D. bring （2）语法正确，注意细节的原则。 在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面选择正确答案。如： 例1： One night the dog began to bark suddenly. It made Mr Erens ___ ①___ to sleep. He had to get up and tried his __ ② ___ to stop it， but the beast wouldn't stop， and kept on ____ ③ ___. ① A. go not B. not go C. not to go D. to not go ② A. well B. good C. better D. best ③ A. bark B. to bark C. barking D. barked 例2：Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty, His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then． A. left B. would leave C. have left D. had left? （3）从语法方面，根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。 a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。 b.动词的选择，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。 c.介词的选择，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。 d.代词的选择，要注意性(男或女)、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格、形代、名代)是否准确。 e.连词的选择，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。 f.形容词和副词的选择，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意比较级和最高级等。 例如： A man and his wife had a small bar(酒吧) near a station. They often worked late into the night， ____ ① __ people came to drink there while they were __ ②__ trains. At two o'clock one morning， one man was still at a table in the small bar. He was asleep. The bar man's wife wanted to leave. She looked _ ③ __ the bar veral times， and each time the man was ___ ④ __ there， Then at last she went to her husband and said to him， "You __ ⑤ __ that man six times， George ， ___ ⑥ __ he isn't drinking anything?"? ① A. as soon as B. becau C. so D. though ② A. catching up with B. getting on C. looking after D. waiting for ③ A. at B. for C. into D. out of ④A. always B. often C. still D. already ⑤A. have woken B. wake C. had woken D. will wake ⑥ A. and B. but C. yet D. too 三、课堂练习 B. Choo the word or expressions and complete the passage.（选择恰当的单词或词组，完成短文，用A，B，C，D表示）（共6分）新视野大学英语 London is a ____61___ city. Over six and a half ____62___ people live there. People call the oldest part of London the city centre. It’s also a financial ( 金融的) city. ___63___ half a million people work in the ___64___. They go to work every day by train or by underground. Of cour, lots of people go by car, too.traveller London has two airports, Heathrow and Gatwick. Heathrow, the larger___65___, is one of the busiest airports in the world. There are also many places of ____66___ in London. Buckingham (白金汉宫) and Westminster Abbey (威斯敏斯特教堂）are two of the favourite ones for tourists. But the most famous building in London is the Tower. All of them make London more beautiful. ( ) 61. A. small B. big C. new D. quiet ( ) 62. A. million B. thousand C. hundred D. ten ( ) 63. A. At last B. At the beginning of C. At least D. At the end of ( ) 64. A. banks B. factories C. farms D. offices ( ) 65. A. this B. tho C. one D. ones ( ) 66. A. interesting B. interest C. interests D. interested (B) 61--66 BACACB D. Read the passage and choo the correct words. The sun is always shining. But it can only shine on 1 side of the earth at a time. It cannot light the side that is turned 2 from it. When the sun is shining on 3 side of the world, it is night where you are. At night, you can e the stars. 4 the day the stars are in the sky, but the light from the sun is so bright that you cannot e them. When the sun has 5 , the stars are bright enough to e. Stars look as tiny（小）as pinheads（大头针帽）, but some are even 6 than the sun. 1. A. every B. one C. an D. either 2. A. around B. off C. away D. down 3. A. other B. another C. the other D. the others 4. A. During B. Whole C. Throughout D. In 5. A. left B. lost C. gone D. t 6. A. big B. small C. smaller D. bigger D. DCCCDD 四、课后作业 IX. Reading comprehension. (A) True or Fal. Are you eager to go back to school? Do you hope to do a lot of homework every evening? Are you interested in your class? Who do you want to teach your subjects? Why do you like them? Maybe you have lots of questions before school starts. Well, I want to give you some advice on the questions. First, keep calm. Don't worry about all the questions. Put your hearts into learning. You can find something you are interested in. Do it actively. Second, try to finish your homework quickly. Don't spend a lot of time on it. Do more reading and writing in English. Think about the questions and work them out at once. Don't stay up late（熬夜）, or you can't study well the next day. Third, invent something instead of copying. If you can remember the words in your own way, you can tell your teachers you don't like the way of copying them again and again. Be sure, you must pass the test. I think your teachers will agree with you. And they can give you some interesting work to do. School is really a good place for us to learn and make friends. Believe your teachers and yourlves. You are the best one and you can do everything well. 64. You can find something interesting in your subjects.雅思成绩网上查询 65. If you go to bed early, you will study well the next day. 66 Remember the words in your own way by copying the new words. 67. Your teacher often asks you to clean the classroom again and again. illustrate68. Students can make friends with each other and learn a lot in school. 69. It's more important to invent something than to copy. (B) Choo the best answer. Long, long ago, there was a king. He offered a prize to the artist who could paint the best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The King looked at all the pictures, but there were only two he really liked and he had to choo between them. One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror, for peaceful mountains were all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was a beautiful picture of peace. The other picture had mountains too. But the were rugged（崎岖的）and bare （光秃秃的）. Above was an angry sky from which rain fell and on which lightning played. Down the side of the mountain was a foaming（起泡沫的）waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all. But when the king looked, he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush（灌丛）growing in a crack（裂缝）in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built her nest. There in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on perfect peace. Which picture do you think won the prize? The King cho the cond one. Do you know why? "Becau," explained the king, "peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noi, trouble, or hard work. Peace means to be in the midst of all tho thinks and still be calm in your heart. That is the real meaning of peace." 70. Many artists tried to paint a picture of _________ for the king. A. war B. peace C. lakes D. mountains 71. The king was plead with _________ pictures. A. many B. only two C. over three D. only one 72. In the first picture, peaceful mountains were all around the _________. A. mirror B. blue sky C. calm lake D. white cloud 73. There wasn't in the cond picture _________. A. lightning B. foaming waterfall C. a child D. angry sky 74. The mother bird's nest was _________ A. beside the waterfall B. on the bare rock C. in a tiny bush D. under the rush of angry water 75. The King preferred the peace _________. 百度翻译 英语 A. from a peaceful place B. without hard work C. from a calm heart D. without noi and trouble (C) Choo the proper words to complete the short passage. One day, Kidom and his friend Dick went to the river fishing. Kidom took his dog Vick with him. But now and then, when the dog saw a small animal or a bird, he would run 76 it and try to catch it. Dick hated the dog very much becau the dog frightened the fish away. "Why do you 77 your dog here?" said Dick to Kidom. "He 78 here and there. All the fish are frightened and swim away." "You are right." answered Kidom, "Next time, I shall come without Vick. Shall we go home now, Dick?" Just then Dick shouted, "Wait. 79 is biting my line, I can feel it." Dick was very glad. He forgot the danger. He went 80 the line. The boy fell down into the water. "Help! Help! I can't swim." Dick shouted up and down in the river. But Kidom could not swim, 81 . Just then Vick came up. The dog jumped into the water and pulled Dick onto the dry land by biting Dick's shirt with his 82 Dick was saved. He was still holding the line in his hand. On its end was a big fish. 76. A. after B. to C. at D. with 77. A. take B. carry C. bring D. want 78. A. ran B. runs C. has run D. is running 79. A. A fish B. A bird C. A dog D. A cat 80. A. pulled B. pulls C. to pull D. is pulling 81. A. too. B. either C. also D. neither 82. A. tooth B. teeth C. foot D. feet (D) Read the passage and fill in the missing words. In the world, soccer or football is the most popular s 83 . This is becau many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every f 84 years. To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup, children from d 85 countries and more than 60 children from Japane schools came together and spent three weekends d 86 org picture called "Dream World Cups" in Japan. The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a blue bright sky. They wished each football team good l 87 by drawing the flags of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams will have games there. Are you a football fan? The World Cup makes more and more people interested in football. Teenagers like playing and watching football. Many of them love some football stars so m 88 that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their l 89 for the World Cup as children in Japan. (E) Read the passage and answer the questions. In the United States, headmasters and teachers discipline（管教）students in veral ways. The teacher often writes to or calls the students' parents. Sometimes students have to stay at school for an extra hour. If a student behaves（行为）very badly, the headmaster can stop him from attending class for one, two or three days. However, tho students don't feel sad at all. They are happy. "A three-day holiday!" they may think. A junior high school headmaster in Ohio（俄亥俄州）has a new way to discipline（管教）students. If students don't behave well, their parents have to come to school and go to every class with them. At that time other students look at them for a long time, and this always makes the students very shy. As a result, they are behaving much better now. Why? Simply becau they don't want their parents to come to school again. The "parents-at-school" project is now ud in at least 700 schools in the USA. More and more headmasters think that students behave better when their parents come to school. Here is a good example. When the project was first introduced at a school in Pittsburg, California, 50 students had to bring their parents to class. Of the 50 students, 48 never got into trouble again. What an amazing method! 90. What does an American teacher often do to discipline students? __________________________________________________________________. 91. If a student behaves very badly, the headmaster can't stop him from attending class, can he? ________________,_________________________________________________. 92. Why are tho bad students happy when they are not allowed to attend class? __________________________________________________________________. 93. What is the special way to discipline students? It is that ___________________________________________________________. 94. How many schools in the USA now u the "parents-at- school" project? __________________________________________________________________. 95. What do you think of the "parents-at- school" project? __________________________________________________________________. X. Writing. Write at least 50 words about the topic "My habits". The questions below are or you to follow. What kind of habits do you have? Are they good habits or bad habits? What are you going to do with your bad habits? 参考答案： A. TTFFTT B. BBCCCC C. ACBAVBB D. Sport, four, different, drawing, luck, much, love E. The teacher often writes to or calls the students' parents. Yes, he can. Becau they think they needn’t attend class for veral days. If a student behaves very badly, the headmaster can stop him from attending class for one, two or three days. At least 700 schools |
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