考研英语二(翻译)模拟试卷3单眼皮怎么画眼影 (题后含答案及解析)集合的定义
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined gments into Chine. (10 points)
vitality1. Have you noticed how certain industries move together? For example, one airline introduces a particular rvice and every other airline immediately follows. The most recent example of this copycat phenomenon is how the hotel industry is thinking of and deploying technology. Simple ideas such as using your smartphone to open your door are now being offered as “new technologies.” Copycat innovation forces many or all in a ctor to improve and add new features to their offerings. But it withholds the cutting edge, the competitiveness and bold nature of break-out innovation as everyone is playing safe. The major negative is that borrowed innovations do not draw new members and becomes a
stale “me-too” strategy. Here is the sweet irony: we customers would love to e totally innovative offerings and experimental ideas rolled out for us to test! So don’t wait until everything is sorted out and perfected behind clod doors—throw it at your customers now.
正确答案: 你有没有注意到某些行业是怎么一起行动的?举个例子,一家航空公司推出了一项独特的服务,其他的航空公司立马就跟风效仿。 这种跟屁虫现象的最新事例是酒店行业如何考虑和利用科技的。一些诸如用智能手机开门的简单构想,现正作为“新技术”在酒店推出。 模仿性创新会迫使一个行业中的许多人或者所有人改进其产品以及给产品增加新功能。然而,这也抑制了尖端技术的开发,有碍企业提高竞争力,违背了突破创新的本质,因为所有人都在打安全牌。其主要的负面影响是此类模仿性创新不能招来新顾客,并且会变成一种老旧的“人有我也有”策略。 甜蜜的讽刺在于:我们顾客乐于见到企业推出完全创新的产品和实验性的想法让我们测试!所以不要等到一切都在私下弄清楚并且完善了,才拿出你的新产品和新点子,现在就把它们扔给你的顾客吧。
解析: 1.第三段第二句的翻译难点主要在于主句谓语动词withholds和三个并列宾语的
el
处理。如该部分简单直译成“抑制前沿地位、竞争力和大胆创新的本质”,容易有硬译和搭配不当之嫌。我们可在理解原文的基础上进行意译,将withhold用三个动词表达,搭配不同宾语,译为三个并列的动宾短语,如“抑制……”、“阻碍……”、“违背……”。至于三个宾语,可适当补词,使表达更清晰到位,比如:“抑制尖端技术”实际上是抑制人们开发尖端技术的欲望和动力,可译为“抑制尖端技术的开发”。 2.最后一段最后一句,若只根据原句直译成“所以不要等到一切都在私下弄清楚并且完善了,现在就把它扔给你的顾客吧”,译文会稍显生硬,“一切”和“它”具体指什么不太明确。前一句讲到,顾客乐于见到企业推出完全创新的产品和实验性的想法让他们测试,即顾客是鼓励企业推出新产品和新想法的,故破折号前的内容可作适当增译,如译为“不要等到……,才拿出你的新产品和新点子”,这样处理,信息交代得比较清晰。 知识模块:翻译 泰迪熊ted
2. Standing in front of a shelf of eggs at a supermarket, the typical consumer might be forgiven for being confud. Free-roaming or free-farmed? Grass-fed, vegetarian-fed or whole grain-fed? The choices are endless: eggs have more eco-labels than any other product. And yet this list of labels is not necessarily a good thing. Today’s consumer is faced with an estimated 455 eco-labels across 25 industry categories. But very few of the
labels give people meaningful guidance in choosing environmentally superior products. My own rearch indicates consumers care about the source of the label and the quality of information it contains as they cannot realistically verify the things. In evaluating the tiuthfulness of the claims, consumers prefer to rely on more detailed information. For consumers, it is a leap of faith to trust that the label is honest and credible. What is needed, according to a lecturer who specialis in regulatory law, are clear standards and truth in labelling.
正确答案: 站在超市的鸡蛋货架前。普通消费者会感到困惑,这是可以理解的。他们不清楚这些鸡蛋是散放的鸡下的蛋,还是散养的鸡下的蛋;是用青草饲养的鸡下的蛋,还是用蔬菜饲养的鸡下的蛋,抑或是用全谷物饲养的鸡下的蛋。可供选择的鸡蛋不计其数:鸡蛋的生态标签数量超过其他任何产品。 然而,有这么多生态标签未必是好事。如今的消费者需要面对25个产业多达455种生态标签。然而,很少有生态标签能在人们选择环保优质产品时提供有意义的指导。 我本人的研究表明,消费者因为无法从真正意义上进行验证,所以他们会关心生态标签的来源以及其所包含信息的可信度。在判断这些内容的真实性时,消费者会更愿意依赖较为详细的信息。对消费者来说,相信标签信息是真实可信的
是一种冒险举动。据一位专攻监管法的讲师说,关于标签,我们需要的是清晰的标准和真实性。
解析: 1.第一段的第二、第三句(Free-roaming or free-farmed?和Grass-fed,vegetarian-fed or whole grain-fed?)都是只有形容词(短语)的一般疑问句,构词、词性和语义较为接近,可考虑将它们合译作一句。翻译时如只照原文句子成分机械对译为“散放的还是散养的?”和“喂养青草的、喂养蔬菜的,又或是喂养全谷物的?”,译文会因为缺少必要成分而语义不清。可根据上下文语境增译为:是散放的鸡下的蛋,还是散养的鸡下的蛋;是用青草饲养的鸡下的蛋。还是用蔬菜饲养的鸡下的蛋,抑或是用全谷物饲养的鸡下的蛋?“值得注意的是,从内容上看,这两句的内容可以理解为上一句中所谈到的消费者困惑之事,为了更好地承接上一句,可增译“他们不清楚”统领该句。 2.第二段首句若直译成“然而,这些标签名单未必是好事”,译文有些语义不明,也不能与第一段末句内容很好地衔接。第一段末句提到鸡蛋的标签比其他任何产品都多,此处用yet作为转折,如将此句处理为“然而,有这么多生态标签未必是好事”,可使译文表达更清晰,语义更连贯。 3.翻译第三段末句时,宜将句中的according to…短语提前至句首,以符合中文常将次要信息前置的表达习惯。主句的主语由从句What is needed充当,该从句为被动语态,翻译时如
转换为主动语态,并且增译出主语“我们”,会更符合中文的表达习惯。 知识模块:翻译
牛津高阶英语词典
3. The majority of successful nior managers do not cloly follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, asssing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, the nior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of correlated problems and to integrate action into the process of thinking. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inparable from acting. Managers often “knownewsbar”turn around what is right before they can analyze and explain it. So they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is tied to action in thinking/acting cycles. In the cycles, managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a difficult situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in clo concert.
西班牙语培训
正确答案: 大多数成功的高级管理人员不会严格遵循传统的理性模式,即:先明确目标
好事多磨英文、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能性、做出决策,然后才采取行动执行决策。相反,这些人在日常的战略决策中,依靠的是定义模糊的“直觉”来处理大量的相关问题以及使行动与思考过程融为一体。 行政管理上的直觉风格的其中一个含义是“思考”不能与行动分开。因为管理者们通常在能做出分析和解释之前就“知道”某事是对的,所以他们通常会先行动,后解释。在思考/行动的循环中,分析与行动是紧密相连的。在这个循环中,管理者们不是通过先分析后行动的方式来形成关于公司和机构的思路,而是通过行动与分析密切结合的方式。
解析: 1.首段首句是个枝繁叶茂的语法意义上的简单句,其主干部分为The majority of successful nior managers do not cloly follow...model。翻译该句的难点主要在于follow的宾语model包含多个修饰成分,其中包括前置定语classical rational以及后置长定语of first clarifying goals...to implement the decision。翻译时,如将model的众多修饰语全部处理成定语,译作“传统的理性的、先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能性、做出决策,然后才采取行动执行决策的模式”,会导致译文冗长拖沓且语义表达不清。为使译文简洁明了,可考虑将后置长定语of first clarifying goals...to implement the decision处理为对model的补充说明,译作“即:先明确目标……,然后才采取行动执行
决策”,全句可译作“大多数成功的高级管理人员不会严格遵循传统的理性模式,即:先明确目标、评估问题、形成选择、估计成功的可能性、做出决策,然后才采取行动执行决策”。 2.首段末句中,manage a network of correlated problems中的a network of本意为“……的网络”,根据语境,此处可处理成“大量的”,修饰correlated problems“相关问题”。integrate, action into the process of thinking中,integrate into的意思是“融入”,该短语可直译为“使行动融入到思考过程”。 3.第二段的第二、第三句是两个包含因果关系的独立短句,其中前者是因后者为果。翻译时,如根据原文将其处理成两个独立的句子,分别译作“管理者们通常在能做出分析和解释之前就‘知道’某事是对的”和“所以他们通常会先行动,后解释”,也可达意。但如用关联词语将这两句合译为一句,处理成“因为管理者们……,所以他们通常会先行动,后解释”,会更符合中文的表达习惯。 知识模块:翻译