词素（自由词素、原始派生词、粘附词素）
词素（自由词素、原始派生词、粘附词素）
词素（Morpheme）是最低一级的语法单位，也是语言的最小意义单位。词就是建筑在词素的基础上。词素分为自由词素（Free Morpheme） 和粘附词素（Bound Morpheme）。
【1】自由词素
1.自由词素有完整的词汇意义，从而能够单独存在。由一个自由词素构成的词叫做单词素词（Morpheme Word）。例如：
Moon, sun, day, night, month, school, boy, girl, road, write, go sit, walk, net, dash, dot, book, pin, he, she, it etc…
2.由两个或两个以上自由词素构成的词叫做复合词（Compound Word）。例如：
Moonlight, undertake, nevertheless, man-of-war, misunderstanding etc…
This way the Compound Words are formed.
A Compound Word may be of the type of noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, adverb, conjunction, preposition etc…
Compound Words are the most part Nouns, Adjectives and Verbs
【2】原始派生词（Primary Derivative）
原始派生词（Primary Derivative）是通过在基元词上做些变更而构成的。(从现代英语的角度出发，还是不把它归入“粘附词素”项为好。）
The words are formed by making some changes in the body of the Primary Words.
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例如：
· Bond from bind
uber什么意思· Breach from break
· Wrong from wring
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NOTE:
The most important class of words formed by internal changes consists of the past tens of the Primary Words. Tho past ten-words are not treated as Derivatives.
i. Formation of Nouns from Verbs:
Examples:
· Choice from choo
· Bliss from bless
· Chip from chop roll the dice
· Breach from break
· Dole from deal
· Dike from dig
经济师培训课程· Fleet from float
choo的名词· Doom from deem
· Bier from bear
· Watch from wake
· Seat from sit
· Gap from gape
· Girth from gird
· Grief from grieve
· Woof from weave
ii. Formation of Nouns from Adjectives:
Examples:
· Dolt from dull
· Heat from hot
· Pride from proud
iii. Formation of Adjectives from Verbs:
Examples:
· Fleet from float
· Low from lie
iv. Formation of Adjectives from Nouns:
Examples:
· Milch from milk
天津翻译· Wi from wit
v. Formation of Verbs from Nouns:
Examples:
· Bathe from bath
· Bleed from blood
· Believe from belief
· Breathe from breath
· Breed from brood
· Clothe from cloth
· Drip from drop
· Feed from food
The Formation of Words has few rules which determine the nature of the words formed thus.
vi. Formation of Adjectives from Verbs:
Examples:
· Cool from chill
· Hale from heal
vii. Formation of Nouns from Verbs:
Examples:
peachy· Gold from gild
· Grass from graze
· Half from halve
· Knot from knit
· Sale from ll
· Sooth from soothe
· Tale from tell
· Thief from thieve
· Wreath from wreathe
【3】粘附词素
banger粘附词素是没有完整词汇意义从而必须与其他词素相结合才能出现的词素。各种词缀（Affix），包括前缀（Prefix）和后缀（Suffix）， 都属于这一类。由一个自由词素加前缀或／和后缀构成的词叫做派生词（Derivative）。例如：
· Income is a condary derivative of the word 'word’.
·
Here the addition 'in’ is a prefix.
· Undergo is a condary derivative of the word 'go’.
· Here the addition 'under’ is a prefix.
· Friendship is a condary derivative of the word friend.
· Here the addition 'ship’ is a suffix.
· Darkness is a condary derivative of the word 'dark’.
atake· Here the addition 'ness’ is a suffix.
