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Bill of Lading 海运提单
A bill of lading is a receipt for goods shipped on board a vesl, signed by the person (or his agent) who contracts to carry them, and stating the conditions in which the goods were delivered to (and received by) the ship. It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract. It is a document of title to the goods, enabling the shipper or owner of the goods to endor title to other parties, ll goods in transit, and prent to banks with other documents in eking payment under documentary credits. Abbreviated generally as B/L, it is the most important document for a transport.
There are different types of bill of lading:
（1）Shipped (On Board) B/L and received for shipment B/L
已装船提单和备运提单
· Shipped B/L is issued by the shipping company after the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vesl. Since shipped bill of lading provides better guarantee for the c
onsignee to receive the cargo at the destination, the importer will normally require the exporter to produce shipped B/L and most bill of lading forms are preprinted as “Shipped Bill”.
· Received for Shipment B/L aris where the word “shipped” does not appear on the bill of lading. It merely confirms that the goods have been handed over to, and are in the custody of the shipowner. The buyer under a CIF contract will not accept such a B/L becau, in the abnce of the date of shipment, he is in no position to anticipate the arrival of the consignment.
（2） Clean B/L and unclean B/L
清洁提单和不清洁提单card reader
· A clean bill of lading is the one that states that the goods have been “shipped in apparent good order and condition”. It is issued when the goods do not show any defects on their exteriors at the time of loading at the port of shipment. This type is favored by the buyer and the banks for financial ttlement purpos.
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· If defects are found on the exteriors of the goods, or the shipping company does not agree to any of the statements in the B/L, the bill will be marked as “unclean”, “foul” or “… packages in damaged condition”. Unclean B/L is usually unacceptable to the buyer and banks.
（3）Straight, blank and order B/L
记名、不记名和指示提单
· Straight bill of lading has a designated consignee. Under this bill, only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the cargo. As it is not transferable, it is not commonly ud in international trade and normally applies to high-value shipments or goods for special purpos.
· Blank B/L also called Open B/L or Bearer B/L, means that there is no definite consignee of the goods. There usually appear in the box of consignee words like “To bearer”. Anyone who holds the bill is entitled to the goods the bill reprents. No endorment is n
eeded for the transfer of the blank bill. Due to the exceedingly high risk involved, this bill is rarely ud.
· Order B/L is widely ud in international trade. It means that the goods are consigned or destined to the order of a named person. In the box of consignee, “To order”, “To order of the shipper”, or “To order of the consignee” is marked. It can be transferred only after endorment is made. If the B/L is made out “To order of the shipper”, the shipper will endor the bill. If it is made out “To order of the consignee”, the consignee will endor the bill to transfer it. A blank endorment is usually required for a “To order” bill.练习英文
（4）Direct, transshipment, through bill of lading
直运、转船和联运提单
· Transhipment B/L means that the goods need to be transshipped at an intermediate port as there is no direct rvice between the shipment port and the destination port.
· It is sometimes necessary to employ two or more carriers to get the goods to their final
destination. In this ca, usually the first carrier will sign and issue a through bill of lading. The on-carriage may be either by a cond vesl or by a different form of transport.
（会计基础工作5）Liner B/L, container B/L and combined transport B/L
班轮、集装箱和多式联运提单
· Liner bill of lading is issued by a liner company for shipment on scheduled port calls through scheduled routes.
·Container B/L is becoming more common in u with the development of containerization. It covers the goods from port to port or from inland point of departure to inland point of destination.
· Combined transport B/L is issued by combined transport operator that covers the multi-modal transport on a door-to-door basis in one contract of carriage. It is ideal for container movements. It differs from “through B/L” in that combined transport is operated by only one carrier.
（6）Long form B/L and short form B/L
全式提单和简式提单
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· Long form B/L is more detailed with shipping contract clau printed on the back of the page.
· Short form B/L, as the name implies, is an abbreviated type of document, smaller and not containing the long list of detailed claus that generally appear on bills of lading. In certain circumstances it may not, therefore, be considered a suitable form of evidence of contract or affreightment.
（7）On Deck B/L, stale B/L, ante-dated B/L and advanced B/Lhale
舱面提单、过期提单、倒签提单和预签提单
federal rerve· On Deck B/L is issued when the cargo is loaded on the ship’s deck. It applies to goods like livestock, plants, dangerous cargo, or awkwardly-shaped goods that can not fit into th
e ship’s holds. In this ca, the goods are expod to greater risks and therefore usually specific insurance must be taken out against additional risks.
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