Part I. The Literature of Colonial America |
I. Fill in the following Blanks. 1.The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______. 2.Among the members of the small band of Jamestown ttlers was _____, an English soldier of fortune, who reports fo exploratin, publied in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinct American literaature written in English. 3.Almost a hundred years earlier the Caribbean Islands, Mexicl, and other parts of Central and South America were occupied by the _____. 4.The term "Puritan" was applied to tho ttlers who originally were devout members of the Church of _____. 5._____ College was established in 1636, with a printing press t up nearly in 1639. 6.Among all the ttlers in the New Continent, _____ ttlers were the most influential. 7.The first permanent English ttlement in North America was established at _____, Virginia. 8._____ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown. 9.In the book _____ John Smith wrote that "here nature and liberty afford us that freely which in England we want, or it costs us dearly." 10.Genearl History of Virginia contains Smith's most famous tale of how the Indian princess named _____ saved him from the wrath of her father. 11.Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, the were the _____ values that dominated much of the early American writing. 12.The American poets who emerged in the venteenth century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter comfronled in a slrang, new environment. __________ Bradstreet was one such poet. 13.William Bradford himlf ud a word " ________ " to describe the community of believers who sailed from Southampton, England, on the Mayflower and ttled in Plymouth, Massachutts in 1620. 14.In 1620,____________ was elected Governor of Plymouth, Massachutts. 15.From 1621 until his death, ___________ probably possd more power than any other colonial governor. 16.William Bradford's work ___________ consists of two books. The first book deals with the percutions of the SeptuaEiate m Scrooby, England, and ihe cond book dcscribes the signing of the "Compact". 17.The History- of New England is a priceless gift left us by_______. 18.__________ wrote his most impressive wort The Magnalia Ckristi America. 19.The writer who best expresd the Puritan faith in the colonial period was_______ 20.The Puritan philosophy known as ________ was important in New England during colonial time, and had a profound influence on the early American mind for veral generations. 21.Many Puritans wrote ver, but the work of two writers, Anne BradsLitel and_________ , ro lo Jhe level of real poetry. 22.A reprentative rmon A True Stgki of Sin is____________ 's main work. 23.Before his death, _________ had gained a position as America;s first systematic philosopher. 24.Jonathan Edwards' s masterpiece is ____________ . 25.The Tenth Mu Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems compod by__________ . 26._________ 's best ver is to be found in a juries called "Preparatory Meditations" . 27.The Day of Doom, a long-standing best-ller both in Ameriea and in England, written by ________ . 28.Charles Biuckden Brown's first novel______________ , or ___________ has been regarded as the first American novel. 29.With his elaborate metaphors, __________ was reminiscent of Richaid Crashaw and George Herbert in England. III. Make multiple choices. 1. English literature in the America is only about more than ________ years old. A. 500 B. 400 C. 200 D. 100 2. The establisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist ____________ . A. John Winthrop B. John Smith C. William Bradford D. John Goodwin 3. The Puritan dominating values were___________ . A. hard work B. thrift C. piety D. sobriety 4. The early history of___________ Colony was the history of Bradford' s leader ship. A. Plymouth B. Jamestown C. New England D. Mayflower 5. Choo tho names that were named after English monarch or land. A. Georgia B. New York C. Carolina D. New Hampshire 6. __________ usually was regarded as the first American writer. A. William Bradford B. Anne Bradstreet C. Emily Dickinson D. Captain John Smith 7. Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true? A. He was a great Puritan historian. B. He was an inexhaustible writer. C. He was a skillful preacher and an eminent theologian. D. He was a graduate of Oxford College. 8. Jonathan Edwards' best and most reprentative rmon was ____ . A. A True Sight of Sin B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God C. A Model of Christian Charity D. God's Determinations 9. Which writer is not a poet? A. Michael Wigglesworth B. Anne Bradstreet C. Edward Taylor D. Thomas Hooker 10. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the__________ . A. Revolutionism B. Reason C. Individualism D. Rationalism 11. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the " ________ " who appeared in America. A. Ninth Mu B. Tenth Mu C. Best Mu D. First Mu 12. The ship "__________ " carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachutts. A. Sunflower B. Armada C. Mayflower D. Pequod |
Keys to Part I. |
I. Fill in the blanks: 1.American Puritanism 2.Captain John Smith 3.Spanish 4.England 5.Harvard 6.English 7.Jamestown 8.Captain John Smith 9.A Description of New England 10.Pocahontas 11.Puritan 12.Anne 13.Pilgrims 14.William Bradford 15.William Bradford 16.Mayflower 17.John Winthrop 18.Cotton Mather 19.John Winthrop 20.Puritanism 奥巴马和平奖 21.Edward Taylor 22.Thomas Hooker 23.Jonathan Edwards 24.Freedom of the Will 25.Anne Bradstreet 26.Edward Taylor 27.Michael Wiggleworth 28.Wieland, The Transformation; An American Tale 29.Edward Taylor III. Make multiple choices： 1.C 2.B 3.ABCD 4.A 5.ABCD 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.B 12.C |
Part II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution |
I. Fill in the blanks. 1.The War of Independence lasted eight years till_____. 2.The United States of America was founded in _____. 3.Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called _____. 4.Benjamin Franklin' s best writing is found in his masterpiece ________ . 5.Thomas Paine, with his natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion, was appropriately born into an age of____________ . 6.On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine's famous pamphlet ________ appeared. 7.A ries of sixteen pamphlets by Thomas Paine was entitled _____________ . 8.Thomas Paine's cond most important work_____________ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy. 9.The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was _____________ . 10.Philip Freneau' s famous poem____________ was written about his imprisoned experience. 11.___________ was considered as the " poet of the American Revolution. " 12._________ has been called the "Father of American Poetry. " 13.In 1791, probably with Thomas Jefferson's support, ___________ established in Philadelphia the National Gazette. 14.In American literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of _________ and Revolution. 15.The Calvinist beliefs brought about the Great Awakening during the 1730s and 1740s. _________ was the most influential among the believers. 16.Jonathan Edwards' work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of___________ in the 19th century. we say Jonathan Edwards reprents the upper levels of the American mind, _________ reprents the lower levels. III. Make multiple choices. 1. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _________ was the dominant spirit. A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. Evolution 2. In American literature, the Enlighteners were oppod to ________ . A. the colonial order B. religious obscurantism C. the Puritan tradition D. the cular literature 3. The English colonies in North America ro in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____________ in 1776. A. the Declaration of Independence B. the Sugar Act C. the Stamp Act D. the Mayflower Compact 4. Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true? A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer. B. He was a scientist. C. He was a master of diplomacy. D. He was a Puritan. 5. The cular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of___________ . A. Thomas Hood B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington 6. Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic? A. The American Crisis B. The Federalist C. Declaration of Independence D. The Waste Land 7. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the____________ . A. American Enlightenment B. Sugar Act C. Chartist movement D. Romanticist 8. From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous __________ , an annal collection of proverbs. A. The Autobiography B. Poor Richard's Almanac C. Common Sen D. The General Magazine 9. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine? A. Common Sen B. The American Crisis C. Pennsylvania Magazine D. The Autobiography 10. Choo the works written by Thomas Paine. A. Rights of Man B. The Age of Reason C. Agrarian Justice D. Common Sen E. The American Crisis 1l. The first pamphlet published in America to urge immediate independence from Britain is__________ . A. The Rights of Man B. Common Sen C. The American Crisis D. Declaration of Independence 12. "The are the times that try men' s souls", the words were once read to George Washington' s troops and did much to shore up the spirits of the revolutionary soldiers. Who is the author of the words? A. Benjamin Franklin B. Thomas Jefferson C. Thomas Paine D. George Washington 13. Which statement about Philip Freneau is true? A. He was a satirist. B. He was a pamphleteer. C. He was a poet. D. He was a bitter polemicist. 14. Which poem is not written by Philip Freneau? A. The British Prison Ship B. The Wild Honey Suckle C. The Indian Burying Ground D. The Day of Doom 15. Who was considered as the "Poet of American Revolution"? A. Michael Wigglesworth B. Edward Taylor C. Anne Bradstreet D. Philip Freneau 16. It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded complete paration from England. The voice was that of________ , who pamphlet Common Sen, with its heated language, incread the growing demand for paration. A. Thomas Paine B. Thomas Jefferson C. George Washington D. Patrick Henry 17. During the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the____________ . A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 18. Thomas Jefferson' s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call _________ . A. Age of Evolution B. Age of Reason C. Age of Romanticism D. Age of Regionalism 19. __________ carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people. It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution. A. Common Sen B. The American Crisis C. Declaration of Independence D. Defence of the English People 20. Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the______________ of the English essayists Joph Addison and Richard Steele. A. Spectator Papers B. Walden C. Nature D. The Sacred Wood |
Keys to Part II. |
I. Fill in the blanks 1.1783 2.1783 3.the General Magazine 4.Autobiography 5.revolution 6.Common Sen 7.The American crisis 8.The Rights of Man 9.Philip Freneau 10.The British Prison Ship 11.Philip Freneau 12.Philip Freneau 13.Philip Freneau 14.Reason 15.Jonathan Edwards 16.Transcendentalism 17.Benjamin Franklin III. Make multiple choices. 1.B 2.ABC 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.ABC 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.ABCDE 11.B 12.C 13.ABCD 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A |
Part III. The Literature of Romanticism |
I. Fill in the blanks? 1.In the early nineteenth century, Washington Irving wrote ________ which be came the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic. 2.In 1828, __________ published his An American Dictionary of the English Language. 3.In 1755, __________ published his remarkable dictionary named Dictionary of the English Language. 4.The Civil War of 1861—1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of___________ . 5.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _________ . 6.The Transcendental Club often met at____________ ' s Concord home. 7.______ was regarded as the first great pro stylist of American romanticism. 8.At nineteen___________ published in his brother' s newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle" satires of New York life. 9.In Washington Irving' s work___________ appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 10.In Paris, Washington Irving met John Howard Payne, the American dramatist and actor, with whom Irving wrote his brilliant social comedy______________ , or The Merry Monarch. 11.The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving' s work named _______. 12._________ was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War. 13.Washington Irving' s first book appeared in 1809. It was entitled _____________ . 14.Washington Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Gold smith, and the other is____________ . 15.The first important American novelist was____________ . 16.James Fenimore Cooper' s novel ___________ was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War. 17.The best of James Fenimore Cooper's a romances was_____________ . The hero of the novel reprents John Paul Jones, the great naval fighter of the Revolutionary War. 18.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is____________ , who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye. 19."To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of_______________ ' s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic " the most perfect brief poem in the language. " 20.__________ was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature. 21.Among William Cullen Bryant's most important later works are his translations of the Iliad and the____________ into English blank ver. 22.Edgar Allan Poe' s poem____________ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language. 23.Edgar Allan Poe's poem____________ was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection. 24.Ralph___________ Emerson was responsible for bringing transcendentalism to New England. 25.Ralph Waldo Emerson's truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson's theories, was____________ . 26.In 1845, Henry David Thoreau began a two-year residence at _________________ Pond. 27.A superb book entitled____________ came out of Henry David Thoreau' s two-year experiment at Walden Pond. 28.From Henry David Thoreau' s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ______. 29.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel _____________ . 30.Herman Melville' s novel____________ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a emingly supernatural white whale. 31.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's first collection of poems entitled ______________ appeared in 1838. 32.The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow' s writings is his translation of Dante' s ______. 33.Besides lyrics and longer poems Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote dramatic works, among which____________ is the most conspicuous. 34.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and _____________ are the only two American poets commemorated in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. 35.After his death, __________ became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. 36.The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outburst of the___________ . 37.The English author named___________ was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance. His Waverley novels were models for American his torical romances. 38.Published in 1823, __________ was the first of the Leatherstocking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature. 39.In The Pioneers, __________ reprents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God' s world. 40.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by______________ . 41.Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay__________ has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence". It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American. 42.Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was_____________ , a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson' s and his junior by some fourteen years. 43.The way in which___________ wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itlf to American puritan moralism. 44.Herman Melville's world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to____________ , a novelist. 45.It is said that in his late years, Herman Melville stopped writing novels and stories and turned to poetry, ___________ is his most famous poetic work. 46.Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named______________ , which is, critics have agreed, one of the world's greatest masterpieces. II. Make multiple choices. 1. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, was established in____________ to rve the "muslin x". A. New England B. Virginia C. Massachutts D. New York 2. Transcendentalism took their ideas from___________ . A. the romantic literature in Europe B. neo-Platonism C. German idealistic philosophy D. the revelations of oriental mysticism 3. As a philosophical and literary movement, ____________ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. A. modernism B. rationalism C. ntimentalism D. transcendentalism 4. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in___________ and Henry David Thoreau. A. Thomas Jefferson B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Philip Freneau D. Oversoul 5. Who were regarded as the "School-room Poets"? A. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow B. Lowell C. Oliver Rusl Holmes D. John Greenleaf Whittier 6. American statesmen such as__________ slowly won for their country the respect of European powers. A. Washington B. Jefferson C. Madison D. Monroe 7. _________ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club. A. Henry David Thoreau B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman 8. Transcendentalists recognized__________ as the "highest power of the soul. " A. intuition B. logic C. data of the ns D. thinking 9. Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _______________ , there aro a kind of teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century. A. Herman Melville B. Henry David Thoreau C. Mark Twain D. Theodore Dreir 10. Transcendentalism appealed to tho who disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to tho who scorned the pale deity of New England A. Transcendentalism B. Humanism C. Naturalism D. Unitarianism 11. In the early 19th century America, statesmen such as _________ , came to dominate American politics not with their pro but with the emotional force of their oratory. A. Daniel Webster B. Daniel Defoe C. Philip Freneau D. Thomas Paine 12. A new___________ had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the nineteenth century. A. realism B. critical realism C. romanticism D. naturalism 13. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in _________ . A. James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales B. Henry David Thoreau' s V/alden C. Mark Twain' s Huckleberry Finn D. Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter 14. A preoccupation with the demonic and the mystery of evil marked the works of _________ , and a host of lesr writers. A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Edgar Allan Poe C. Herman Melville D. Mark Twain 15. An American Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1828 by_____ A. Samuel Johnson B. Noah Webster C. Daniel Webster D. Daniel Defoe 16. In the nineteenth century America, Romantics often shared certain general characteristics. Choo such characteristics from the following. A. moral enthusiasm B. faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception C. adoration for the natural world D. presumption about the corrosive effect of human society 17. Choo Washington Irving' s works from the following. A. The Sketch Book B. Bracebridge Hall C. Tales of a Traveller D. A History of New York 18. In James Fenimore Cooper's novels, clo after Natty Bumppo in romantic appeal , come the two noble red men. Choo them from the following. A. the Mohican Chief Chingachgook B. Uncas C. Tom Jones D. Kubla Khan 19. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet___________ to appear in America up to that time. A. Edward Taylor B. Philip Freneau C. William Cullen Bryant D. Edgar Allan Poe 20. Choo William Cullen Bryant's poems from the following. A. To a Caty-Did B. To a Waterfowl C. Thanatopsis D. The Wild Honey Suckle 21. From the following, choo the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe. A. To Helen B. The Raven C. Annabel Lee D. The Bells 22. In his post on the Mesnger, Edgar Allan Poe showed his true talents as A. an editor B. a poet C. a literary critic D. a fiction writer2020高考语文试题 23. Edgar Allan Poe's first collection of short stories is___________ . A. Tales of a Traveller B. Leatherstocking Tales C. Canterbury Tales D. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 24. From the following, choo the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson's poetry. A. being highly individual B. harsh rhythms C. lack of form and polish D. striking images 25. Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A. Reprentative Men B. English Traits C. Nature D. The Rhodora 26. Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A. Of Studies B. Self-Reliance C. The American Scholar D. The Divinity School Address 27. From Henry David Thoreau' s jail experience, came his famous essay, ___________ , which states Thoreau's belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government. A. Walden B. Nature C. Civil Disobedience D. Common Sen 28. The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in__________ . A. The Scarlet Letter B. Young Goodman Brown C. The Marble Faun D. The Ambitious Guest 29. The Hou of Seven Gables is a famous mystery-haunted novel written by_________ A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Nathaniel Hathorne C. Nathanal Hawthorne D. Nathanial Hathorne 30. Nathaniel Hawthorne's ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions also appears strongly in his short stories. Choo his short stories from the following. A. Young Goodman Brown B. The Great Stone Face C. The Ambitious Guest D. Ethan Brand E. The Pearl 31. Which is not Nathaniel Hawthorne's long novel? A. The Scarlet Letter B. The Marble Faun C. The Blithedale Romance D. The Hou of Seven Gables E. Dr. Heidegger's Experiment 32. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne_____________ in American literature. A. the largest brain with the largest heart B. father of American poetry C. the transcendentalist D. the American scholar 33. Choo the characters which appear in the novel The Scarlet Letter. A. Hester Prynne B. Arthur Dimmesdale C. Roger Chillingworth D. Pearl 34. __________ was a romanticized account of Herman Melville's stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the " man who lived among cannibals". 石家庄学院怎么样A. Moby Dick B. Typee C. Omoo D. Billy Budd 35. With the appearance of ______________ in 1855, which is about American Indians, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poetical reputation was established. A. Evangeline B. The Courtship of Miles Standish C. Song of Hiawatha D. Michael Angelo 36. Choo the authors who belong to the romantic group in American literature. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Henry David Thoreau C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Herman Melville E. Walt Whitman 37. In the early nineteenth century American moral values were esntially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did__________ . A. Puritanism B. Romanticism C. Rationalism D. Sentimentalism 38. American romanticist writers,like Washington Irving and especially the group of New England poets such as____________ , __________ ,__________ ,_____ and Lowell, tried to model their works upon English and European masters. A. William Cullen Bryant B. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow C. Oliver Rusl Holmes D. John Greenleaf Whittier E. Thomas Gray 39. Washington Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as____________ and____________ . A. Rip Van Winkle B. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow C. Life of Goldsmith D. Life of Washington 40. "The univer is compod of Nature and Spirit is prent everywhere". This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new pha, the pha of New England______ A. Romanticism B. Transcendentalism C. Naturalism D. Symbolism 41. There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually _________ on the Puritan soil. A. Romanticism B. Puritanism C. Mysticism D. Unitarianism 42. New England Transcendentalism was important to American literature. It inspired a whole new generation of famous authors such as_________________ , and Emily Dickinson. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Henry David Thoreau C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Herman Melville E. Walt Whitman 43. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A. Nature B. Walden C. On Beauty D. Self-Reliance 44. Which is regarded as the "Declaration of Intellectual Independence"? A. The American Scholar B. English Traits C. The Conduct of Life D. Reprentative Men 45. _________ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s belief that "the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones" and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generations to happen. A. The Marble Faun B. The Hou of Seven Gables C. The Blithedale Romance D. Young Goodman Brown 46. Nathaniel Hawthorne's intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful becau of devoid of fellow feeling. Choo the specimens of Hawthorne's chilling, cold-blooded human animals. A. Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter B. Hollingsworth in The Blithedale Romance C. Dr. Rappaccini in Rappaccini' s Daughter D. Pearl in The Scarlet Letter 47. Which three novels drew from Herman Melville' s adventures among the people of the South Pacific islands? A. Typee B. Omoo C. Mardi D. Redburn 48. Herman Melville' s___________ is an encyclopedia of everything吸血鬼日记第五季11: history, philosophy , religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry. A. The Old Man and the Sea B. Moby Dick C. White Jacket D. Billy Budd IV. Identify the fragments. passage 4 Once upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. "Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door— Only this, and nothing more. " Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each parate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had tried to borrow From my books surcea of sorrow-sorrow for the lost. Questions: 1.Who is the writer of the lines? 2.What is the title of this poem from which the lection is lected? 3.Recognize the sound devices in the following lines. LI ________ L4 ________L7________ L10________ 4.Describe the mood of this poem. Passage 5 Lo! in you brilliant window-niche How statue-like I e thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand! Ah, Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy-Land! Questions: 1.This is the last stanza of a poem To Helen. Who wrote this poem To Heleni 2.With whom is Helen associated in Line 4 of the prent stanza? 3.Who is Psyche? Passage 6 ∙To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from tho heavenly worlds, will parate between him and vulgar things. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual prence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and prerve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out the preachers of beauty, and light the univer with their admonishing smile. Questions: 1.This paragraph is taken from a famous essay. What is the name of the essay? 2.Who is the author? 3.What does the author say would happen if the stars appeared one night in a thou sand years? 4.Give a peculiar term to cover the author's belief. Passage 7 ∙Standing on the bare ground—my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I e all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. Questions: 1.Which work is this lection taken from? 2.How do you understand the philosophical ideas in the words? Passage 8 ∙I went to the woods becau I wished to live deliberately, to front only the esntial facts of life, and e if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practi resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave clo, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God. Questions: 1.This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ . 2.The author of the work is____________ . 3.List by yourlf at least five reasons that the author gives for going to live in the woods. Passage 10 Tell me not, in mournful numbers. Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they em. Life is real-life is earnest— And the grave is not its goal. Dust thou art, to dust retumest, Was not spoken of the soul. Questions: 1.Who is the writer of the lines? 2.What is the title of the whole poem from which the two stanzas are taken? 3.Summarize the poet' s advice on living. Passage 11 ∙Hester Prynne' s term of confinement was now at an end. Her prison-door was thrown open, and she came forth into the sunshine which, falling on all alike, emed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpo than to reveal the scarlet letter on her breast. Perhaps there was a more real torture in her first unattended footsteps from the threshold of the prison, than even in the procession and spectacle that have been described, where she was made the common infamy, at which all mankind was summoned to point its finger. Then, she was supported by an unnatural tension of the nerves, and by all the combative energy of her character, which enabled her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph. Questions: 1.Which novel is this lection taken from? 2.What is the name of the novelist? 3.What are the symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter on Hester's breast? Passage 12 ∙It was not very long after speaking the Goney that another homeward-bound whaleman, the Town-Ho, was encountered. She was manned almost wholly by Polynesians. In the short gam that ensued she gave us strong news of Moby Dick. To some the general interest in the White Whale was now wildly heightened by a circumstance of the Town-Ho's story, which emed obscurely to involve with the whale a certain wondrous, inverted visitation of one of tho so called judgments of God which at times are said to overtake some men. This latter circumstance, with its own particular accompaniments, forming what may be called the cret part of the tragedy about to be narrated, never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates. For that cret part of the story was unknown to the captain of the Town-Ho himlf. It was the private property of three confederate white amen of that ship, one of whom, it ems, communicated it to Tashtego with Romish injunctions ofcrecy, but the following night Tashtego rambled in his sleep, and revealed so much of it in that way, that when he was wakened he could not well withhold the rest. Nevertheless, so potent an influence did this thing have on tho amen in the Pequod who came to the full knowledge of it, and by such a strange delicacy, to call it so, were they governed in this matter, that they kept the cret among themlves so that it never transpired abaft the Pequod' s main-mast . Interweaving in its proper place this darker thread with the story as publicly narrated on the ship, the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put on lasting record. Questions: 1.From which novel is this paragraph taken? 2.What is the name of the novelist? 3.Who is Ahab? 4.What is Pequod? 5.What is the theme of the novel? VI. Analyze Hie main works. 1.Ralph Waldo Emerson' s theory of Transandentalism with the analysis of Nature. |
Keys to Part III. |
I. Fill in the blanks: 1.The Sketch Book 2.Noah Webster 3.Samuel Johnson 4.slavery 5.the Transcendental Club 6.Ralph Waldo Emerson 7.Washington Irving 8.Washington Irving 9.The Sketch Book 10.Charles the Second 11.The Sketch Book 12.Washington Irving 13.The History of New York 14.Life of Washington 15.James Fenimore Cooper 16.The Spy 17.The Pilot 18.Natty Bumppo 19.William Cullen Bryant 20.William Cullen Bryant 21.Odysy 22.The Bells 23.The Raven 24.Waldo 25.Henry David Thoreau 26.Walden 27.Walden 28.Civil Disobedience 29.The Scarlet Letter 30.Moby Dick 31.Voices of the Night 32.Divine Comedy 33.Michael Angelo 34.Lowell 35.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 36.Civil War 37.Sir Walter Scott 38.The Pioneers 39.Natty Bumppo 40.Ralph Waldo Emerson 41.The American Scholar 42.Henry David Thoreau 43.Nathaniel Hawthorne 44.Nathaniel Hawthorne 45.Clarel 46.Moby Dick III. Make multiple choices 1.C 2.ABCD 3.D 4.B 5.ABCD 6.ABCD 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.ABC 14.ABC 15.B 16.ABCD 17.ABCD 18.AB 风向标英语 19.C 20.BC 21.ABCD 22.ABCD 23.D 24.ABCD 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.ABCD 31.E 32.A 33.ABCD 34.B 35.C you know36.ABCDE 37.A 38.ABCD 39.AB 40.B 41.A 42.ABCDE 43.A 44.A 45.B 46.ABC 47.ABC 48.B IV. Identify the fragments. passage 1 1.Washington Irving 2.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 3.A short story is a brief pro Fiction, usually one that can be read in a single sitting. It generally contains the six major elements of fiction—characterization, tting, theme, plot, point of view and style. passage 2 1.James Fenimore Cooper 2.The Last of the Mohicans 3.Hawkeye passage 3 1.Thanatopsis 2.View of death 3.A 4.Nature speaks to him who in the love of Nature holds communion with nature ' s visible forms. Nature responds to two human moods, one is gayness; the other is gloominess, or sadness. passage 4 1.Edgar Allan Poe 2.The Raven 3.LI—Alliteration, L4—Onomatopoeia, L7—Internal rhyme, L10—Assonance 4.A n of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem, the portrayal of a young man grieving for his lost Leno-re, his grief turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the talking bird. passage 5 1.Edgar Allan Poe 2.Psyche 3.Psyche is the goddess of the soul in Greek mythology. passge 6 1.Nature 2.Ralph Waldo Emerson 3.Then, the men cannot believe and adore the God, cannot prerve there membrance of the city of God which had been shown. 4.Transcendentalism passage 7 1.Nature 2.Ralph Waldo Emerson regards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. In this connection, Emerson' s emotional experiences are exemplary in more ways than one. 3.Now this is a moment of "conversion" when one feels completely merged with the outside world, when one has completely sunk into nature and become one with it, and when the soul has gone beyond the physical limits of the body to share the omniscience of the Oversoul. In a word, the soul has completely transcended the limits of individuality and become part of the Oversoul. Emerson es spirit pervading everywhere, not only in the soul of man, but behind nature, throughout nature. passage 8 1.Walden 2.Henry David Thoreau 3.Find the answer from the passage. passage 9 1.Self-Reliance 2.Ralph Waldo Emerson 3.He believed above all in individualism, independence of mind, and lf-reliance. passage 10 1.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 2.A Psalm of Ufe 3.His optimism which has characterized much of his poetry, also endeared many critics to him. He emed to have pervered despite tragedy. In his poem, The Psalm of Life, he writes: Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal. ∙This is the cry of the heart, "rallying from depression" , ready to affirm life, to regroup from loss, to push on despite momentary defeat. passage 11 1.The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne 2.adultery, able, angel passage 12 1.Moby Dick 2.Herman Melville 3.The captain of the whaling ship 4.The name of the whaling ship 5.The rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the univer and its awesome sometimes merciless forces. VI. Analyze the main works. Work 3: Nuture 1.As the leading New England Transcendentalist, Emerson effected a most articulate synthesis of the Transcendentalist views. One major element of his philosophy if his firm belief in the transcendence of the "Oversoul". His emphasis on the spirit runs through virtually all his writings. " Philosophically considered," he states in Nature, which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism, "the univer is compod of Nature and the Soul. " He es the world as phenomenal, and emphasizes the need for idealism, for idealism es the world in God. "It beholds the whole circle of persons and things, of actions and events, of country and religion, as one vast picture which God paints on the eternity for the contemplation of the soul. " He regards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. In this connection, Emerson' s emotional experiences are exemplary in more ways than one. Alone in the woods one day, for instance, he experienced a moment of "ecstasy" which he records thus in his Nature: 2.Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I e all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 3.Now this is a moment of "conversion" when one feels completely merged with the outside world, when one has completely sunk into nature and become one with it, and when the soul has gone beyond the physical limits of the body to share the omniscience of the Oversoul. In a word, the soul has completely transcended the limits of individuality and beome part of the Oversoul. Emerson es spirit pervading everywhere, not only in the soul of man, but behind nature, throughout nature. The world proceeds, as he obrves, from the same source as the body of man. "The Universal Being" is in point of fact the Oversoul that he never stopped talking about for the rest of his life. Emerson' s doctrine of the Oversoul is graphically illustrated in such famous statements; "Each mind lives in the Grand mind," "There in one mind common to all individual men," and "Man is conscious of a universal soul within or behind his individual life. " In his opinion, man is made in the image of God and is just a little less than Him. This is as much as to say that the spiritual and immanent God is operative in the soul of man, and that man is divine. The divinity of man became, incidentally, a favorite subject in his lectures and essays. 4.This naturally led to another, equally significant, Transcendentalist thesis, that the individual, not the crowd, is the most important of all. If man depends upon himlf, cultivates himlf, and brings out the divine in himlf, he can hop to become better and even perfect. This is what Emerson means by the "infinitude of the privates man. " He tried to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himlf are infinite. Men should and could be lf-reliant. Each man should feel the world as his, and the world exists for him alone. He should determine his own existence. Everyone should understand that he makes himlf by making his world, and that he makes the world by making himlf. " Know then that the world exists for you " he says. "Build therefore your own world. " "Trust thy lf!" and "Make thylf!" Trust your own discretion and the world is yours. Thus, as Henry Nash Smith ventures to suggest, "Emerson' s message was eventually (to u a telegraphic abbreviation) lf-reliance. " Emerson' s eye was on man as he could be or could become; he was in the main optimistic about human perfectibility. The regeneration of the individual leads to the regeneration of society. Hence his famous remark, "I ask for the individuals, not the nation. " Emerson ' s lf-reliance was an expression, on a very high level, of the buoyant spirit of his time, the hope that man can become the best person he could hope to be. Emerson ' s Transcendentalism, with its emphasis on the democratic individualism, may have provided an ideal explanation for the conduct and activities of an expanding capitalist society. His essays such as "Power", "Wealth", and "Napoleon" (in his The Reprentative Men) reveal his ambivalence toward aggressiveness and lf-eking. 5.To Emerson's Transcendentalist eyes, the physical world was vitalistic and evolutionary. Nature was, to him as to his Puritan forebears, emblematic of God. It mediates between man and God, and its voice leads to higher truth. " Nature is the vehicle of thought," and " particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual facts. " Thus Emerson' s world was one of multiple significance; everything bears a cond n and an ulterior n. In a word, " Nature is the symbol of spirit." That is probably why he called his first philosophical work Nature rather ihan anything el. The nsual man, Emerson feels, conforms thoughts to things, and man' s power to connect his thought with its proper symbol depends upon the simplicity and purity of his character; "The lover of nature is he who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. " To him nature is a wholesome moral influence on man and his character. A natural implication of Emerson' s view on nature is that the world around is symbolic. A lowing river indicates the cealess motion of the univer. The asons correspond to the life span of man. The ant, the little drudge, with a small body and a mighty heart, is the sublime image of man himlf. |
Part IV. The Literature of Realism |
I.Fill in the blanks. 1.Realism had originated in the country ________ as a literary doctrine that called for "reality and truth" in the depiction of ordinary life. 2.The arbiter of nineteenth century literary realism in America was_______________ . 3.____________ probed deeply at the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his inten scrutiny of complex human experience. 4.__________ , breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since. 5.__________ had an evident influence on naturalism. It emed to stress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution. 6.The poetic style Walt Whitman devid is now called __________ , that is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. 7.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, _______ gave America its first genuine epic poem. 8.There is no doubt that the solitary Emily Dickinson of _________ , Massachutts , is a poet of great power and beauty. 9.There was only one female pro writer in the nineteenth century. That was________ 10.Harriet Beecher Stowe' s masterpiece is_____________ . 11.Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name______________ . 12.One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens' best books_____________ is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot. 13.The result of Mark Twain' s European trip was a ries of newspaper articles, later published as a book called____________ . 14.__________ was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi. 15.Mark Twain's work__________ tells of the visits of an angel to the village of Eldorf in Austria in 1590. 16.William Sidney Porter, who pen name was_________ , was the author of The Cop and the Anthem. 17.Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor people in_______________ . 18.0. Henry sympathized with the poor's lot and hated tho rich who exploited and despid them. This is especially en in his story entitled_____________ . 19.It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named ______________ as a model, and there is indeed much in common between the two writers. 20.The title of one of O. Henry' s books_____________ indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, instead of only the upper class. 21.Henry James' first novel is___________ , which failed to make him famous. 22.The novel which was described by an American critic as "an outrage to American girlhood" is Henry James' ___________ . 23.Henry James' first important fiction was___________ , in which he took up for the first time the theme of The American in Europe. 24.In 1881, Henry James published his novel _____________ , which is generally considered as his masterpiece. 25.__________ is considered the founder of Psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator. 26.The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is __________ . 27.In 1902 Jack London published his first novel____________ . 28.__________ is the novel into which Jack London put most of himlf. 29.The first novel of Theodore Dreir was____________ . 30.The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Theodore Dreir's masterpiece__________ . 31.The protagoniswof Theodore Dreir's Trilogy of Desire is ______ . 32.Theodore Dreir visited the Soviet Union in 1927 and published______________ the following year. 33.Theodore Dreir's novel____________ , a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high prai for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society. 34.Mark Twain' s first novel, ___________ was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize. 35.Three years' life on the Mississippi left such a fond memory with Mark Twain that he returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. His book_____ relates it in a vivid, moving way. 36.______was Mark Twain' s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, "all modern American literature comes. " 37.The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is______________ , which was a success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization. 38.__________ is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition. 39.Stephen Crane' s novel___________ relates the story of a good woman' s down fall and destruction in a slum environment. 40.War in the novel ___________ by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-hou. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything , it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger. 41.Benjamin Frank Norris' s novel__________ has been called "the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel" and "a consciously naturalistic manifesto". 42.Jack London's masterwork___________ is somewhat autobiographical. 43.O. Henry's___________ is a very moving story of a young couple who ll their best posssions in order to get money for a Christmas prent for each other. III. Make multiple choices. 1. In the late 19th century, a host of new writers appeared, among them were _____. A. Bret Harte B. William Dean Howells C. Hamlin Garland D. Mark Twain 2. Influenced by such Europeans as___________ , America's most noteworthy new authors established a literature of realism. A. Zola B. Flaubert C. Balzac D. Tolstoy 3. William Dean Howells defined realism as "nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material" , and he best exemplified his theories in three novels. Choo them from the following. A. The Modem Instance B. The Ri of Silas Laphan C. A Hazard of New Fortunes D. The Prince and the Pauper 4. Mark Twain created, in____________ , a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature. A. Huckleberry Finn B. Tom Sawyer C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg D. The Gilded Age 5. The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as___________ . A. Stephen Crane B. Benjamin Frank Norris C. Jack London D. Henry James E. Theodore Dreir 6. Although realism and naturalism were products of the nineteenth century, their final triumph came in the twentieth century, with the popular and critical success of such writers as___________ . A. Edwin Arlington Robinson B. Willa Cather C. Sherwood Anderson D. Robert Frost E. William Faulkner 7. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _____. A. Anne Bradstreet B. Jane Austen C. Emily Dickinson D. Harriet Beecher 8. Choo the works written by Mark Twain. A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer B. Innocents Abroad C. Life on the Mississippi D. The Tragedy of Pudd' nhead Wilson E. The Prince and the Pauper 9. The publication of the novel____________ stirred a great nation to its depths and hurried on a great war. A. My Bondage and My Freedom B. Stanzas on Freedom C. Voices of Freedom D. Uncle Tom' s Cabin 10. Mark Twain had led an active life in the very center of the American experience. He had been a____________ . A. printer, pilot, soldier B. silver-minor, gold-washer C. lecturer, traveler, businessman D. novelist, autobiographer 11. Which statements about O. Henry are right? A. He wrote about the poor people. B. His stories are usually short and humorous. C. The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting. D. The ends of his stories are always surprising. E. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions. 12. Where Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, __________ was an admirer. A. O. Henry B. Henry James C. Walt Whitman D. Jack London 13. Choo the well-known short stories written by William Sidney Porter. A. The Gift of the Magi B. An Unfinished Story C. The Furnished Room D. The Voice of the City E. The Cop and the Anthem 14. Choo the novels written by Henry James. A. The American B. Daisy Miller C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Tragic Mu E. The Golden Bowl 15. Choo the novel which is not written by Henry James. A. The Ambassadors B. The Wings of the Dove C. The Bostonians D. The Princess Casamassima E. The Mysterious Stranger 14. Jack London' s sincere intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist movement is recorded in such novels and polemical works as_____________ . A. The People of the Abyss B. The Iron Heel C. Revolution D. The War of the Class 17. While embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___________ . A. The Call of the Wild B. The Sea Wolf C. Martin Eden D. The Iron Heel 18. In 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named___________ A. The Son of the Wolf B. The Sea Wolf C. The Law of Life D. White Fang 19. Dreir's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. Find them from the following. A. The Financier B. The Titan C. The Genius D. The Stoic E. Jannie Gerhardt 20. "The Lure of the Spirit; The Flesh in Pursuit" is the title of one chapter in Dreir's novel___________ . A. An American Tragedy B. Sister Carrie C. Dreir Looks at Russia D. Jannie Gerhardt 21. The main theme of___________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that reprentation of life should be the main object of the novel. A. Henry James' B. William Dean Howells' C. Mark Twain's D. O. Henry's 22. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the venties and eighties of the nineteenth century. A. ntimentalism B. romanticism C. realism D. naturalism 23. Choo the three staunch advocates of nineteenth-century American realism. A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. William Dean Howells D. Jack London 24. Choo the works which contain bitter attacks on the human race. A. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court B. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg C. The Mysterious Stranger D. The Autobiography 25. Mark Twain was a great social critic and a friend of the Chine. His Disgraceful Percecution of a Boy is a scathing piece of criticism directed against the per cution of the___________ immigrants in California. A. Quakers B. Chine C. French D. Japane 26. Mark Twain stood on the side of China in its struggle against foreign invasions. His___________ and___________ are two notable examples of his vigorous at tacks on the imperialist behavior of the United States_____________ . A. The Treaty with China B. To the Person Sitting in Darkness C. Disgraceful Percution of a Boy D. Goldsmith' s Friend Abroad Again 27. Stephen Crane's best short stories include _________, _________, all reinforcing the basic Crane motif of environment and heredity overwhelming man. A. Open Boat B. The Blue Hotel C. An Experiment in Miry D. The Red Badge of Courage 28. Which writers have naturalist tendency? A. Stephen Crane B. Benjamin Frank Norris C. Theodore Dreir D. Edwin Arlington Robinson 29. Theodore Dreir was left-oriented in his views. He visited Russia and wrote and _________ to express his new faith, and shortly before his death, he joined the Communist Party. A. Dreir Looks at Russia B. Tragic America C. An American Tragedy D. The Titan 30. Choo Jack London' s works from the following. A. The Call of the Wild B. White Fang C. The Sea Wolf D. Martin Eden IV. Identify Hie fragments. Passage 1 I celebrate mylf, and sing mylf, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I learn and loa, fe at my ea obrving a spear of summer grass. Questions: 1.The are the first two stanzas in the first ction of a long poem entitled 2.The name of the poet is___________ . 3.Who is the poet celebrating? Whom do lines 2 ~ 3 also include in the celebration? 4.What is the ver, structure? 5.Take the fifth line as a hint, can you write out the name of the poet' s completed collections of poems? Passage 2 Becau I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just Ourlves— Questions: 1.Who is the writer of the lines? 2.In which category would you place this poem? A. narrative B. dramatic C. lyric 3.Emily Dickinson is noted for her u of_____________ to achieve special effects. ∙A. perfect rhyme B. exact rhyme C. slant rhyme Passage 3 ∙It is impossible to conceive of a human creature more wholly desolate and forlorn than Eliza, when she turned her footsteps from Uncle Tom' s cabin. Questions: 1.This is taken from a famous novel. What is the name of the novel? 2.What is the name of the writer? 3.Who is Uncle Tom? Passage 4 ∙Tom Sawyer stepped forward with conceited confidence and soared into the unquenchable and indestructible "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, with fine fury and frantic gesticulation, and broke down in the middle of it. A ghastly stage fright ized him, his legs quaked under him, and he was like to choke. True, he had the manifest sympathy of the hou----------- but he had the hou' s silence, too, which was even wor than its sympathy. The master frowned, and this completed the disaster. Tom struggled awhile and then retired, defeated. Questions: 1.Which novel is this passage taken from? 2.Who is the author? Passage 5 ∙I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoe was hid, and shoved t, he vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon; then the whisky-jug. I took all the coffee and suga, r there was, and all the ammunition; I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old saw and two blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot. I took fish-lines and matches and other things—everything that was worth a cent. I cleaned out the place. I wanted an ax, but there wasn' t any, only the one out at the woodpile, and 1 knew why I was going to leave that. I fetched out the gun, and now I was done. Questions: 1.Which novel is this passage taken from? 2.Analy the language style of this passage. Passage 6 ∙On his bench in Madison Square, Soapy moved uneasily. When wild gee honk high of nights, and when women without alskin coats grow kind to their husbands, and when Soapy moves uneasily on his bench in the park, you may know that winter is near at hand. Questions: 1.This passage is taken from a short story entitled____________ . 2.The author's name is William Sidney Porter. What is his pen name? Passage 9 ∙When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes wor. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished ns in equivocal terms. Without a counllor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falhoods may not the things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognid for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens then perverts the simpler human perceptions. Questions: 1.From which novel is this paragraph taken? 2.Who is the author of this novel? 3.How do you understand "the cosmopolitan standard of virtue"? 4.Is there any naturalist tendency in this passage? V. Anayfze Hie main works. 1.Analyze Walt Whitman' s Song of Mylf. 2.Analyze Theodore Dreir's Sister Carrie (Chapter One). |
Keys to Part IV. |
I. Fill in the following blanks: 1.France 2.William Dean Howells 3.Henry James 4.Mark Twain 5.Darwinism 6.free ver 7.Walt Whitman 8.Amherst 9.Harriet Beecher Stowe 10.Uncle Tom's Cabin 11.Mark Twain 12.Life on the Mississippi 13.Innocents Abroad 14.Mark Twain 15.The Mysterious Stranger 16.O. Henry 17.New York 18.An Unfinished tory 19.De Maupassant 20.The Four Millions 21.Watch and Ward 22.Daisy Miller 23.A Passionate Pilgrim 24.The Portrait of a Lady 25.Henry James 26.Isabel Archer 27.A Daughter of the Snows 28.Martin Eden 29.Sister Carrie 30.An American Tragedy 31.Frank Cowperwood 32.Dreir Looks at Russia 33.Sister Carrie 34.The Gilded Age 35.Life on the Mississippi 36.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 37.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 38.Stephen Crane 39.Maggi; A Girl of the Streets 40.The Red Badge of Courage 41. McTe-ague 41.Martin Eden 42.The Gift of the Magi III. Make multiple choice? 1.ABCD 2.ABCD 3.ABC 4.A 5.ABCDE 6.ABCDE 7.C 8.ABCDE 9.D 10.ABCD 11.ABCDE 12.B 13.ABCDE 14.ABCDE 15.E 16.ABCD 17.C 18.A 19.ABD 20.B 21.A 22.C 23.ABC 24.ABCD 25.B 26.AB 27.ABC 28.ABCD 29.AB 30.ABCD IV. Identify the fragments? Passasge 1 1.Song of Mylf 2.Walt Whitman 3.The poet is celebrating himlf, his own life. Lines 2-3 also include "you" , the readers and their lives in the celebration. 4.free ver 5.Leaves of Grass Passage 2 1.Emily Dickinson 2.C 3.C Passage 3 1.Uncle Tom' s Cabin 2.Harriet Beecher Stowe 3.He is the main character in the novel, a suffering slave, a victim of slavery. Passage 4 composite1.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 2.Mark Twain Passage 5 1.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 2.The words ud here are, except perhaps "ammunition" which is etymologically French, mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, and are short, concrete and direct in effect. Sentence structures are most of them simple or compound, with a ries of "thens" and "ands" and mi-colons rving as connectives. The repetition of the word "took" and the stringing together of things leave the impression that Mark Twain depended solely on the concrete object and action for the body and move ment of his pro. And what is more, there is an ungrammatical element which gives the final finish to his style. The whole book does approximate the actual speech habit of an uneducated boy from the American South of the mid-nineteenth century. Passage 6 1.Vie Cop and the Anthem 2.O. Henry Passage 9 1.Sister Carrie 2.Theodore Dreir 3."The cosmopolitan standard of virtue" is something that makes a person become low in virtue and value and become wor. 4.Yes. IV. Analyze the main works. Work 1: ∙Walt Whitman' s Song of Mylf is a repertory of his thought. From a blade of "curling grass" the poet es into the mystery of death and birth and concludes that "the smallest sprout shows there is really no death" , and that "all goes onward and outward, nothing collaps". The "I" , prent everywhere in life, leaves one with the impression of a divine omniscience beholding nature and man alike. It is only natural that "I am deathless" , "I exist as I am" , and "One world is aware and that is mylf" , and that the whole poem ends on an extremely transcendental note:" I am large, I contain multitudes. " ∙Through his ns, through his uninhibited imagination, and through his ecstatic joy in life and urge to creation, the experiences of American life are poured. He moves from himlf to "you" and to others, to all humanity en mas about him, to the brave violence of his nation, to love and death, to the pantheistic God in every object, to the future and to eternity. Then: I depart as air, I shake my white locks at the runaway sun ... I stop somewhere waiting for you. ∙Whitman's thought moves often about the layers of friend, lover, the "en mas", nation, humanity, to a kind of cosmic evolution or unity, a oneness with the univer. It comes from a form of Emersonian lf-reliance and moves to the cosmos. The most limited and personal of his poems becomes the largest and most nearly universal. ∙Whitman extols the ideals of equality and democracy and celebrates the dignity , the lf-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man. Song of Mylf reveals a world of equality, without rank and hierarchy. The prostitute draggling her shawl, the President holding a cabinet council, the stately and friendly matrons on the piazza walk, the Missourian crossing the plains and an infinite number of other things and people Find their way into his poem and juxtapo with one another, illustrating the principle of democracy and equality. The poet, walking around, hears America singing. The mother is singing while tting food on the table. The carpenter is singing, planing his boards. And the day is singing "What belongs to the day". Long catalogs of different people and different occupations indicate that here the new children of Adam are being restored to the Garden of Eden, developing their potentiality to the fullest extent possible. In a general n Leaves of Grass is an Adamic song, and its author is an Adamic singer. Work 7: Sister Carrie ∙Chicago is the scene of Sister Carrie, in which Carrie is a pretty young girl whom Dreir us to express his own longings for wealth and affection, for the glitter and excitement of the city which has come to symbolize the possibility for the realization of the American Dream. The opening chapter, divided into two parts, is largely included here. It shows Carrie leaving home and taking the train to the city. The passage is typical Dreir; he gives his thoughts about Carrie and the salesman she meets, and describes them minutely. ∙Dreir's Sister Carrie is a typical naturalist novel. Carrie, according to Dreir, becomes either someone under another' s care and protection "( falls into saving hands and becomes better), or the victim of a voracious city. There is no middle ground. In either ca, it is apparent that Carrie has little control over her life. "There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The mind, the soul, the body, is taken in. The beauty of the city is an illusion and a trap, which," like music, too often relax, then weakens, then perverts the simpler human perceptions. " ∙Carrie is a " half-equipped little knight" , involved in the arch for the American Dream. She is naive, although filled with lf-interest, " warm with the fancies of youth. " She meets a man on the train, well dresd and impressive, "... whatever he had to recommend him, you may be sure was not lost upon Carrie, in this, her first glance". He is a superficial man who mind was " free of any consideration of the problems or forces of the world" his suavity attracts her, and she feels inferior by comparison. Here is the success story, incarnate, she feels. "Her own plain blue dress, with its black cotton tape trimmings, now emed shabby. " His fat pur "impresd her deeply". It is evident, when he asks for her address, that Carrie has embarked upon the beginning of her end. |
Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWII |
I. Fill in the blanks. 1.__________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature. 2.American writers of the first postwar era lf-consciously acknowledged that they were a "__________ " , devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization. 3.The most significant American poem of the twentieth century was_____________ . 4.The publication of The Waste Land, written by____________ , helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought. 5.In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in___________ . 6.F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel___________ . 7.The__________ of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation's lf-confidence. 8.An American woman writer named ____________ who had lived in Paris since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name "the Lost Generation". 9._____ wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States, and its effect on the lives of modern people, both black and white. 10.Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the "__________ " movement. 11.Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poem called______________ . 12.One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, _____________ , once came to the attention of President Theodore Roovelt. 13.Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was honored with the___________ Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928. 14.Robert Frost' s first book___________ brought him to the attention of influential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praid him as an authentic poet. 15.Robert Frost's cond volume of poems was______________ . 16."After Apple-Picking" is a well-known poem written by _______ . 17._________ , one of Robert Frost' s longest poems, is a very witty and wi anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character. 18.At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of__________ including " The Prairie Years" and " The War Years". 19.Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rather modern tend ency to reprent it in literature such as in his___________ . 20.______ was successful in two fields of activity which did not em compatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time. 21.At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems, entitled___________ . my family英语作文22.__________ is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectures on poetry. 23.For the publication of his Collected Poems, ___________ received the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize. 24.After his death, Wallace Stevens's previously uncollected works appeared under the title__________ . 25.In 1915, __________ published his Prufrock and Other Obrvations. 26.In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his____________ , containing, among other essays, "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the earliest statement of his aesthetics. 27.In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his masterpiece_______________ , one of the major works of modern literature. 28.As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of his clo friend___________ in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land. 29.Thomas Stearns Eliot' s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by____________ , a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt. 30.In his work___________ , Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw men, the Guy Fawkles men, who world would end "not with a bang, but a whimper. " 31.Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day than_____________ , and even tho who strongly disagree with him emed content with his lection for the Nobel Prize in 1948. 32.Thomas Steams Eliot wrote ven plays, the best of which is________________ , a ver play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935. 33.Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was____________ , a profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts. 34.F. Scott Fitzgerald' s first novel____________ , with its portrayal of casual dissipations of "flaming youth" , was an immediate commercial success. 35.In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel_____________ . It is the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-eking people around him. 36.F. Scott Fitzgerald' s cond novel______________ describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himlf and Zelda. 37.The hero in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel_____________ is a psychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth. 38.F. Scott Fitzgerald's last novel_____________ remained unfinished. 39.With the publication of The Sun Also Ris, _____________ became the spokes man for what Gertrude Stein had called "a Lost Generation". 40.Emest Hemingway' s stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel___________ in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love. 41.Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel_____________ stated again Hemingway ' s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people. 42.In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman named___________ , who shows triumphant even in defeat. 43.In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a_______________ for his "mastery of the art of modem narration". 44.Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingway's life and tho of his characters, but fewer were clor than tho of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work _________ . 45.In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novel entitled_____________ , which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954. 46.In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald' s Tales of the Jazz Age became the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway' s novel ______ painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation. 47.Ernest Hemingway' s___________ can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Ris in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do. 48.The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway' s writing_____________ , a play which was universally deplored. 49.___________ was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s. 50.In the short novel___________ , John Steinbeck portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers. 51.In the work___________ John Steinbeck described the fate of the lowly who instinctive respons to life led only to destruction. 52.__________ is generally regarded as John Steinbeck' s masterpiece. 53.In 1935, John Steinbeck published_____________ , a collection of short stories which vividly described the life of poor Mexican-Americans with affection and humor. 54.John Steinbeck' s post-war novel ______________ reflected his bitter feelings against tho greedy, rapacious elements of society which made the war possible. 55.Quentin is a character in William Faulkner's novel____________ . 56.Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkner's novel____________ . 57.The works written by___________ may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction. 58.Katherine Ann Porter's novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts, ____________, ________ and____________ . 59.In her essay "Place in Fiction" , Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of ________ for literary creations. She is noted for her fidelity to the American South, so her major theme relate to____________ . 60.Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, and her well-known novels are___________ and____________ . 61.One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adapt European avantgardism to American writing is 62.The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against the prevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on the theme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by John Crowe Ransom' s collection of critical essays__________ . III. Make multiple choices. 1. The best-lling American books in the first decades of the twentieth century were__________ . A. traveling books B. commercial books C. historical romances D. news reports 2. Early in the 20th century, _________ published works that would change the nature of American poetry. A. Ezra Pound B. T. S. Eliot C. Robert Frost D. Both A and B 3. The American social upheavals and the literary concerns of the Great Depression years ended with the prosperity and turmoil brought by the _____________ . A. First World War B. Second World War C. Civil War D. War of Independence 4. The American "Thirties", lasted from the Crash, through the ensuing Great Depression, until the outbreak of the Second World War 1939. This was a period of__________ . A. poverty B. bleakness C. important social movements D. a new social consciousness E. all of the above 5. In the pre-war period, such writers as______________ , pointed out the contradictions between what American preached and they practiced. A. Mark Twain B. Jack London C. Stephen Crane D. Theodore Dreir E. all of the above 6. In the Thirties, poets like Archibald Macleish and______________ wrote compassionately about common people, workers and farmers. A. Emily Dickinson B. Ezra Pound C. Robert Frost D. Langston Hughes 7. The Imagist writers followed three principles, they respectively are _________ . A. direct treatment B. economy of expression C. clear rhythm D. blank ver 8. "The apparition of the faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. " This is the shortest poem written by____________ . A. Thomas Stearns Eliot B. Robert Frost C. Ezra Pound D. E. E. Cummings 9. __________ showed great interest in Chine literature and translated the poetry of Li Po (Li Bai) into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas. A. Ezra Pound B. Robert Frost C. T. S. Eliot D. E. E. Cummings 10. Ezra Pound' s long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems looly connected. A. The Waste Land B. The Cantos C. Don Juan D. Queen Mab 11. "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy" are good examples of Edwin Arlington Robinson' s ______ attitude. A. romantic B. fantastic C. realistic D. materialistic 12. "Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford", this poem was written by Edwin Arlington Robinson. It is a brilliant commentary on _____________'s character. A. Ben Jonson B. William Shakespeare C. John Milton D. Samuel Johnson 13. In his long works Merlin, Lancelot, and Tristram, Edwin Arlington Robinson wrote the most extensive poems bad on_____________ since Tennyson. A. the Arthurian Legends B. the Biblical Stories C. the Greek Mythologies D. Indian Legends 14. When Robert Frost was eighty-ven, he read his poetry at the inauguration of President__________ . A. Thomas Jefferson B. Theodore Roovelt C. Abraham Lincoln D. John F. Kennedy 15. Choo the books written by Robert Frost. A. Mountain Interval B. New Hampshire C. West-Running Book D. A Further Range 16. Which of the following was not written by Robert Frost? A. "Tilbury Town" B. "A Witness Tree" C. "Steeple Bush" D. "In the Clearing" 17. Robert Frost is famous for his lyric poems. Which of the following lyric poems was not written by Robert Frost? A. "Birches" B. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" C. "After Apple-Picking" D. "The Road Not Taken" E. "Richard Cory" 18. The poems that made Carl Sandburg famous appeared in four volumes. Choo them from the following. A. Chicago Poems B. Comhuskers<, /F, , ONT> C. Smoke and Steel D. Slabs of the Sunburn West E. Design 19. As a poet, Carl Sandburg was associated with the, Imagists and wrote well-known Imagist poems such as A. "Fog" B. "Lost" C. "Monotone" D. "The Harbor" E. all of the above 20. Carl Sandburg had also taken interest in folk songs which he tried to collect and sing during his travels. The folk songs appeared eventually in print in his well-known___________ . A. Good Morning, America B. The People, Yes C. In Reckless Ecstasy D. The American Songbag 21. Thomas Sutpen is a character in William Faulkner's novel _______________ . A. Absalom, Absalom! B. Light in August C. Go Down, Mos D. The Sound and the Fury 22. Wallace Stevens' s poetry is primarily motivated by the belief that true ideas correspond with an innate order in nature. Many of his good poems derive their emotional power from reasoned revelation. This philosophical intention is supported by the titles Wallace Stevens gave to his volumes such as_____________ . A. Harmonium B. Ideas of Order C. 高中英语必修一听力Parts of a World D. all of the above 23. The two areas on which the modem American writers concentrated their criticism were___________ . A. the failure of communication among Americans B. the failures of American society C. the extreme prosperity of America D. the paradi of New Land 24. Choo the poems written by Wallace Stevens. A. "Anecdote of the Jar" B. "The Emperor of Ice-Cream" C. "Peter Quince at the Clavier" D. "Departmental" 25. __________ , one of the essays in The Sacred Wood, is the earliest statement of Thomas Stearns Eliot' s aesthetics, which provided a uful instrument for modern criticism. A. "Sweeny Agonistes" B. "Tradition and the Individual Talent" C. " A Primer of Modern Heresy" D. "Gerontion" 26. Thomas Stearns Eliot ud a form, that is, the orchestration of related themes in successive movements, in such works as __________ . A. The Waste Land B. 77k? Hollow Men C. Ash-Wednesday D. Four Quartets 27. Thomas Stearns Eliot' s cond volume of criticism_____________ (1914) was much admired for its critical method. A. The Function of Criticism B. The Metaphysical Poets C. Homage to John Dryden D. The Sacred Wood 28. __________ , a poetic tragedy on the betrayal of Thomas a Becket, is a drama of impressive spiritual power. A. "The Confidential Clerk" B. "The Cocktail Party" C. "The Family Reunion" D. "Murder in the Cathedral" 29. The first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature was a sharp social critic, who name was_________________ . A. Sinclair Lewis B. Thomas Stearns Eliot C. Ernest Hemingway D. William Faulkner 30. Thomas Stearns Eliot was a _____. A. poet B. playwright C. literary critic D. novelist 31. Thomas Stearns Eliot's first major poem____________ (1917), has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English. A. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. The Waste Land C. Four Quartets D. Preludes 32. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as ______. A. The Roaring Twenties B. The Jazz Age C. The Dollar Decade D. all of the above 33. Choo the collections of short stories written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A. Flappers and Philosophers B. Tales of the Jazz Age C. All the Sad Young Men D. Taps at Reveille 34. Choo the novels written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A. The Great Gatsby B. Tender Is the Night C. This Side of Paradi D. The Beautiful and the Damned 35. Point out the three poets who opened the way to Modern poetry. A. Ezra Pound B. Thomas Stearns Eliot C. E. E. Cummings D. Robert Frost 36. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplished a revolution in literary style and language. A. Gertrude Stein B. Ezra Pound C. Thomas Stearns Eliot D. James Joyce E. all of the above 37. In 1954,___________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his "mastery of the art of modern narration". A. Thomas Stearns Eliot B. Ernest Hemingway C. John Steinbeck D. William Faulkner 38. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and nt to a hospital where he fell in love with a nur. The two persons later became the characters of his novel__________ . A. The Old Man and the Sea B. For Whom the Bell Tolls C. The Sun Also Ris D. A Farewell to Arms 39. During the Depression, Ernest Hemingway first went to Spain and then , to the American West and to Africa on hunting expeditions. In the novels written in this period such as___________ , he wrote about bullfighting, hunting and his personal anecdote. A. Death in the Afternoon B. The Green Hills of Africa C. Men without Women D. The Old Man and the Sea 40. Which authors committed suicide? matisA. Ernest Hemingway B. Jack London C. Robert Frost D. Mrs. Stowe 41. __________ tells the Joad family' s life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California. A. Of Mice and Men B. The Grapes of Wrath C. The Great Gatsby D. For Whom the Bell Tolls 42. wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which re prented different social forces; the old decaying upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of the "poor Whites"; and the Negroes who la bored for both of them. A. William Faulkner B. F. Scott Fitzgerald C. Ernest Hemingway D. John Steinbeck 43. In William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, he ud a technique called_____________ , in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of one character. A. stream of consciousness B. imagism C. symbolism D. naturalism 44. William Faulkner's novel___________ describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing the old social order, toid from four different points of view. A. The Sound and the Fury B. Startoris C. The Unvanquished D. The Town 45. William Faulkner's novel___________ is about a poor white family' s journey through fire and flood to bury the mother in her hometown, Yoknapatawpha. A. Intruder in the Dust B. As I Lay Dying C. Absalom, Absalom! D. Light in August 46. Which three novels form a trilogy which tells the saga of the unscrupuloussnopes family? A. The Hamlet B. The Town C. The Mansion D. The Unvanquished 47. William Faulkner wrote altogether 18 novels and three volumes of short stories. Of the three novels, ___________ , _________ and ___________ are master pieces by any literary standards. A. The Sound and the Fury B. Absalom, Absalom] C. Go Down, Mos D. The Wrath of the Grapes 48. William Faulkner wrote about the histories of a number of Southern aristocratic families such as the___________ , the___________ , the __________ and the McCaslins, and traces them back to the very beginning when Chickasaw Indians were still lawful owners of the land. A. Compsons B. Sartoris C. Sutpens D. Joads 49. Most of the important twentieth-century American poets were related with Imagist movement, including___________ . A. Ezra Pound B. Wallace Stevens C. E. E. Cummings D. Carl Sandburg E. Thomas Stearns Eliot IV. Identify the fragments. Passage 1: In a Station of the Metro The apparition of the faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. Questions: 1.Who is the author of this short poem? 2.What two images are juxtapod, or placed next to each other in this poem? 3.How do you appreciate this poem? Passage 2: And he was rich—yes, richer than a king— And admirably schooled in every grace: In fine, we thought that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place. So on we worked, and waited for the light, And went without the meat, and curd the bread; And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head. Questions: 1.What is the title of the poem? 2.Who wrote this poem? 3.How are the "we" of the poem different from Richard Cory? 4.Do you think the u of the adjective "calm" in the next-to-hist line is an example of verbal irony? What is verbal irony? 5.There is an element of dark humor in the mistaken ideas that the townspeople have of Richard Cory, do you think so? Passage 3: The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promis to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before 1 sleep. Questions: 1.Who wrote this poem? 2.What is the title of this poem? 3.What kind of feeling does this stanza show? 4) What do you think of this poem? Passage 4: Hog Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler; Stormy, husky, brawling, City of the Big Shoulders: Questions: 1.The lines are talking about a big American city which is also the title of the poem. What is it? 2.Who wrote this poem? 3.What is the city called in the first line? Passage 6: Let us go then, you and I, When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherized upon a table; Let us go, through certain half-derted streets, The muttering retreats Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells Streets that follow like a tedious argument Of insidious intent To lead you to an Oh, do not ask, "What is it?" Let us go and make our visit. In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo. Questions: 1.This is the first 14 lines of a famous poem "The love Song of J. Alfred Pnifrock. " What is the name of the poet wrote it? 2.What image is created in this passage? 3.Do you think Prufrock is a tragic figure? Why? 4.Is this poem a dramatic monologue? Why? Passage 8: The Burial of the Dead April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire stirring Duil roots with spring rain. Winter kept us warm, covering Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers. Questions: 1.This is the first ven lines of a masterpiece poem. What is the name of this masterpiece? 2.Who is the author of this masterpiece? 3.What theme can you get from the lines? Passage 9: ∙They were careless people, Tom and Daisy— ∙They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . . Questions: 1.Which novel is this passage taken from? 2.Who is the writer of this novel? 3.What is the author' s attitude toward such persons as Tom and Daisy? Passage 10: ∙Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping together. This was the end of the trap. This was what people got for loving each other. Thank God for gas, anyway. What must it have been like before there were anaesthetics? Once it started, they were in the mill-race. Catherine had a good time in the time of pregnancy. It wasn't bad. She was hardly ever sick. She was not awfully uncomfortable until toward the last. So now they got her in the end. You never got away with anything. Get away hell! It would have been the same if we had been married fifty times. And what if she should die? She won't die. People don't die in childbirth nowadays. That was what all husbands thought. Yes, but what if she should die? She won' t die, She' s just having a bad time. Afterward we' d say what a bad time and Catherine w, ould say it wasn't really so ba, d. But what if she should die? Questions: 1.Which novel is this passage taken from? 2.Who is the writer of this novel from which the passage is lected? 3.What do you think of the language style? Passage 11: ∙The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live, looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amument. Sometimes amument lay in speech, and they climbed up their lives with jokes. And it came about in the camps along the road, on the ditch banks beside the streams, under the sycamores, that the story-teller grew into being, so that the people gathered in the low firelight to hear the gifted ones. Questions: 1.Which novel is this passage taken from? 2.Who is the writer of this novel? Passage 12: ∙When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral; the men through a sort of respectful affectation for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to e the inside of her hou, which no one save an old manrvant—a combined gardener and cook—had en in at least ten years. Questions: 1.Which book is this paragraph taken from? 2.Who is the writer of this book? V.Analyze Hie main works. 1.Analysis of Robert Frost' s The Road Not Taken. 2.The story summary and the analysis of Chapter 3 of F. Scott Fitzgerald' s The Great Gatsby. 3.Analysis of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath. 4.Analysis of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury. |
Keys to Part V. |
I. Fill in the following blanks? 1.The First World War 2.Lost Generation 3.The Waste Land 4.Thomas Stearns Eliot 5.Main Street 6.The Great Gatsby 7.Great Depression 8.Gertrude Stein 9.William Faulkner 10.Imagist 11.The Cantos 12.Captain Craig 13.Pulitzer 14.A Boy's Will 15.North of Boston 16.Robert Frost 17.New Hampshire 18.Abraham Lincoln 19.The People, Yes 20.Wallace Stevens 21.Harmonium 22.The Necessary Angel 23.Wallace Stevens 24.Opus Posthumous 25.Thomas Stearns Eliot 26.The Sacred Wood 27.The Waste Land 28.Ezra Pound 29.Ash-Wednesday 30.The Hollow Men 31.Thomas Stearns Eliot 32.Murder in the Cathedral 33.Four Quartets 34.This Side of Paradi 35.The Great Gatsby 36.The Beautiful and the Damned 37.Tender is the Night 38.The Last Tycoon 39.Ernest Hemingway 40.A Farewell to Arms 41.For Whom the Bell Tolls 42.Santiago 43.Nobel Prize 44.Across the River and into the Trees 45.The Old Man and the Sea 46.The Sun also Ris 47.A Farewell to Arms 48.The Fifth Column 49.John Steinbeck 50.Of Mice and Men 51.The Long Valley 52.The Grapes of Wrath 53.Tortilla Flat 54.The Pearl 55.The Sound and the Fury 56.Light in August 57.William Faulkner 58."Embarkation" , "High Sea" , "The Harbors" 59.place, traditional southern family relationships 60.The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. 61.Nathanael West 62. The New Criticism III. Make multiple choice: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.E 6.C 7.ABC 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.ABCD 16.A 17.E 18.ABCD 19.E 20.D 21.A 22.D 23.AB 24.ABC 25.B 26.ABCD 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.ABC 31.A 32.D 33.ABCD 34.ABCD 35.ABC 36.E 37.B 38.D 39.ABC 40.AB 41.B 42.A 43.A 44.A 45.B 46.ABC 47.ABC 48.ABC 49.ABCDE IV. Identify the fragments. Passage 1 1.Ezra Pound 2.The writer us the image of "petals" on another image, that is, "wet, black bough". 3.In In a Station of the Metro Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotion, Pound us the image of petals on a wet, black bough. The image is not decoration; It is central to the poem's mean ing. In fact, it is the poem's meaning. Passage 2 1.Richard Cory 2.Edwin Arlington Robinson 3.The "we" in the poem refers to the poor townspeople who live a hard life and admire the rich. But Richard Cory is the rich person who is admired by the poor, and appears to be calm and smart, but with a heart of suicidal despairing. 4.Yes, it is an example of verbal irony. Verbal irony occurs when words that appear to be saying one thing are really saying something quite different. 5.Yes. Passage 3 1.Robert Frost 2."Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" 3.It shows a kind of sad, ntimental but also strong and responsible feeling. 4.It is one of the most quietly moving of Frost' s lyrics. On the surface, it ems to be simple, descriptive vers, records of clo obrvation, graphic and homely pictures. It us the simplest terms and commonest words. But it is deeply meditative, adding far-reaching meanings to the homely music. It us its superb craftsmanship to come to a climax of responsibility: the promis to be kept, the obligation to be fulfilled. Few poems have said so much in so little. Passage 4 1.Chicago 2.Carl Sandburg 3.Hog butcher for the world Passage 6 1.Thomas Stearns Eliot 2.a patient etherized upon a table 3.He is a tragic figure. The plight of this hesitant, inhabited man, an aging dreamer trapped in decayed, shabby-genteel surroundings, aware of beauty and faced with sordidness, mirrors the plight of the nsitive in the prence of the dull. 4.Yes, it is a dramatic monologue. He is a character created by Eliot, and he speaks directly to us. He tells us his thoughts in leaps and bounds, jumping from one image to another, just as a human mind does. Passage 8 1.The Waste Land 2.Thomas Stearns Eliot 3.The theme of the poem is modern spiritual barrenness, the despair and depression that followed the First World War, the sterility and turbulence of the modern world, and the decline and breakdown of Western culture. Passage 9 1.The Great Gatsby 2.F. Scott Fitzgerald 3.The author criticized them as lfish, hypocritical persons. Passage 10 1.A Farewell to Arms 2.Ernest Hemingway 3.Hemingway manages to choo words concrete, specific, more commonly found, more casual and conversational. He employs the kinds of words often in a syntax of short, simple ntences, which are orderly and patterned and sometimes ungrammatical. Passage 11 1.The Grapes of Wrath 2.John Steinbeck Passage 12 1.A Ro for Emily 2.William Faulkner V. Analyze the main works. Work 3: ∙This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas, with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poem ems to be about the poet, walking in the woods in autumn, choosing which road he should follow on his walk. In reality, it concerns the important decisions which one must make in life, when one must give up one desirable thing in order to posss another. Then, whatever the outcome, one must accept the conquences of one' s choice for it is not possible to go back and have another chance to choo differently. ∙In the poem, the poet hesitates for a long time, wondering which road to take, becau they are both pretty. In the end, he follows the one which ems to have fewer travelers on it. Symbolically, he cho to follow an unusual, solitary life; perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become a poet rather than some commoner profession. But he always remembers the road which he might have taken, and which would have given him a different kind of life. Work 10: ∙The entire story takes place in one summer in 1922. The novel describes the life and death of Jay Gatsby, as en through the eyes of a narrator who does not share the same point of view as the fashionable people around him. The narrator learns that Gatsby became rich by breaking the law. Gatsby pretends to be a well-educated war hero, which he is not, yet the narrator portrays him as being far more noble than the rich, cruel, stupid people among whom he and Gatsby live. Gatsby' s character is purified by a deep, unlfish love for Daisy, a beautiful, silly woman who, earlier, married a rich husband instead of Gatsby and moved into high society. Gatsby has never lost his love for her and, in an era when divorce has become easy, he tries to win her back by becoming extravagantly rich himlf. He does not succeed, and in the end he is killed almost by accident becau of his determination to shield Daisy from disgrace. None of Gatsby' s upper class friends come to his funeral. The narrator is so disgusted that he leaves New York and returns to his original home in the provinces. ∙The Chapter 3, describes one of Gatsby' s fabulous parties at his expensive, rented estate near New York; it is the first such party that the narrator has attended. There is a passage which begins with a description of the elaborate preparations, which he watches from the hou next door, and continues with his obrvations as one of the guests. He evokes a vivid atmosphere of contradiction; the party is crowded yet empty of warmth or friendship, the charm and sweetness of youth is spoiled by triviality and tawdriness, the splendid hou and garden have been purchad not for enjoyment but for the purpo of making an impression. Work 11: The Grapes of Wrath ∙The Grapes of Wrath is one of the major American books. The title of the book comes from " The Battle Hymn of the Republic", a war song of the Civil War, in which there are the lines, "Mine eyes have en the glory of the coming of the Lord,/He is tramping out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored. " The implication of this is that as injustice is building up and up, something is going to explode into violence. The Grapes of Wrath is a crisis novel. It is Steinbeck' s clear expression of sympathy with the dispossd and the wretched. The Great Depression throws the country into abject chaos and makes life intolerable for the luckless millions. One of the worst stricken areas is the central prairie lands. There farmers become bankrupt and begin to move in a body toward California, where they hope to have a better life. The westering is a most tragic and brutalizing human experience for families like the Joads. There are unspeakable pain and suffering on the road, and death occurs frequently. Everywhere they travel, they e a universal landscape of decay and desolation. When they reach California and try to ttle down, they meet with bitter resistance from the local landowners. Iniquity is widespread and wrath is about to overwhelm patience. The prophecy of an imminent explosion is nt forth from the anger—saturated pages; "When a majority of the people are hungry and cold they will take by force what they need", Steinbeck is saying. "Burn coffee for fuel in the ships. Burn corn to keep warm, it makes a Slaughter the pigs and bury them, and let the putrescence drip down into the earth. " But Steinbeck then says, "There is a crime here that goes beyond denunciation. " The day of wrath is coming. In the souls of the people the grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy. Something in the nature of a social revolution would be imminent, the book is in effect saying, if nothing is done to stop the detonation. This is perhaps one of the reasons why the book was for many years banned. ∙Structurally, The Grapes of Wrath consists of two blocks of material: the westward trek of the Joads and the dispossd Oklahomans, and the general picture of the Great Depression. The fact that the intercalary chapters are disperd in between others tends to give one the impression of a formal looness not to be tolerated in a good work of art. However, critical rearch has revealed a clo relationship between the two parts of the book. The interchapters function as informational and informative, offering, for instance, the social and historical background against which the characters move. We read the appalling description of drought at the beginning of the book to get ready for the unnerving population movement that constitutes its action. The dismal look of Highway 66 enables us to visualize the tragic nature of the trek of the Oklahomans. The chapters dealing with migrant life appear in between the narrative chapters of the actual westering journey, while the last in-terchapter describes the rain in which the action of the novel ends. The are but some of the illustrations of the inherent unity of the novel. ∙The novel is structurally interesting for another, perhaps more important, reason , that its structure is dictated by the Bible. There are suggestions that the author was thinking about the Bible when writing the novel. The 30 chapters fall neatly into three ctions, with the description of the drought in the first ten, the journeying in chapters 13 through 18, and the remaining 12 devoted to a narrative of the life of the migrants in California. The three ctions correspond to "The Exodus" story in the Old Testament. The Exodus tells about the bondage of the ancient Jews in Egypt, their escape out of it and journeying toward Canaan, the Promid Land. In distant times, so the story goes, the Jews went to Egypt in arch of food and, haying stayed there for some 400 years, became the slaves of the Egyptian Pha-roah. Their suffering was such that God nt Mos as His prophet to lead them out. This Mos did, and the great host traveled through the dert toward Canaan, only to meet with bitter resistance there. The Grapes of Wrath, in emphasizing the fact of the Oklahomans coming from the Oklahoma dert, crossing the big Death Valley dert and into California, the land of hope for them, works out the parallel to "the Exodus" admirably well. Steinbeck is not stating this very explicitly, but the suggestion is very strong, and is supported by symbols such as that of the grapes. Work 12: The Sound and the Fury ∙Let us take a look at The Sound and the Fury. Here is " a tale/Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury. /Signifying nothing. " There is enough despair and nihilism but not much love and emotion in this sad story of the Compsons. Mr. Comp-son is dinchanted with life and the society he lives in. Unable to find meaning in the moral verities he was brought up with, he escapes into alcoholism and cynicism. Mrs. Compson is spiritually effete and has little love to spare for her children. Of the four children, Caddy is the only one capable of loving, but she los her virginity. The youngest brother, Benjy, is an idiot, a cur on the family. Another, Quentin, lives in the ideal world of his youth with his dreams of love, honor, and integrity, and, when he fails to keep off the intrusion of the "loud, harsh world" , he destroys himlf. The life of the eldest brother, Jason, is empty and meaningless. Love is alien to him, and so are other traditional humanistic values. ∙The Sound and the Fury tells a story of deterioration from the past to the prent. The past is idealized to form a striking contrast with the loveless prent. There is in the book an acute feeling of nostalgia toward the happy past. Quentin' s ction offers a good illustration. A mirable creature in the modern world, Quentin frequently casts a backward glance at the time of his childhood when life was innocent, romantic, and cure. He just cannot bring himlf to come to terms with the prent which is, to him, purpoless, futile, and devoid of the values which make life worth living. His suicide offers an example of a complete negation of the prent. In a n, Quentin' s value system may reprent Faulkner's own idea of an ideal way of life, that of an ante-bellum society. The fact that Benjy' s ction begins the book is not a haphazard arrangement on the part of the author, for it is Benjy who feels most keenly the loss of love. Benjy lives on the emotional support of love. Although an idiot , with no n of time, he knows who loves him best. When Caddy is gone, his world of love vanishes with her; and nobody can take her place, not even Dily. Thus this ction helps to dramatize the theme of loss from the very beginning of the story. With the story of Jason who life embodies all the vices of the modem world, the contrast between the ante-bellum society and the prent one is brought out in the most poignant manner possible. The triumph of rationalism over feeling and co, , mpassion is best illustrated in this sterile and loveless individual. |
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