语鹅市安置阳光实验学校北京西城区2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选编（6）
【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian dert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University t baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themlves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter prented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
改错The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals
learnt the task by obrving others while tho who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant becau they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not becau they aren't clever enough to solve them，but becau they are too shy or nervous to u the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others becau they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to u the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture bad on social learning.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The design of Dr.Carter's rearch.
B．The results of Dr.Carter's rearch.
C．The purpo of Dr.Carter's rearch.
D．The significance of Dr.Carter's rearch.
2．According to the rearch，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?托福雅思gre
A．Tho that have more experience.
B．Tho that can avoid potential risks.
C．Tho that like to work independently.
D．Tho that feel anxious about learning.
3．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
压岁钱英文C．Some baboons obrve others but don't follow them.madox
D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
4．Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.
散文分类
chigoA．storing information
B．learning from each other
C．understanding different people
D．travelling between social groups
答案：
screaming【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。
1．A 解析：推理判断题。第一段描述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did 及第三段中The anxious while tho who were relaxed 这些对实验的描述可知D项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。
3．C 解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再根据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人
但不跟着做”，即C项。复仇者联盟英文台词
4．B 解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与B项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。
由 (2013山东滨州高三一模)南通全屋定制改编
A 12-year-old boy who donated bone marrow(骨髓)to his dying sister and has raid more than ￡10,000 for charity has been named the UK’s Family Hero of the Year.
Adam Kerr,12,from Armagh,Northern Ireland,also helps his mother care for his younger brother Brian,9,who suffers from the genetic dia Fanconi’s anaemia(贫血症).But it is not the first hardship that has affected young Adam.When he was just six,he donated his own bone marrow to his younger sister Helen who suffered from a rare blood disorder.Sa
dly she developed complications and died a few months after the operation in 2005.
Adam found it very difficult to be happy after Helen’s death.So he decided to start raising money in memory of Helen to help local poor children and families with bereavement(丧亲之痛).Overall he has raid ￡10,000 and he has no intentions of giving up.
