1. 明喻(simile)是用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如:
(1)O my love's like a red, red ro. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
(2)He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
(3)The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样
as clear as crystal清如水晶
宝宝学英语 欧美电影推荐
2. 暗喻/隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
(1)He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
(2)The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
(3)The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
英语中有许多数词习语和俚语,主要用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。
(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
to teach fish to swim班门弄斧
to plough the sand白费力气
a square peg in a roun d hole不适宜担任某一职务的人
between the devil and the deep a进退两难。
3. 提喻(synecdoche)主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分;或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象;以特殊代表一般,或用一般代表特殊。例如:
(1)The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.
北京教育培训网 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)
(2)“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”
中国节日来历
……他说这是世界上最美的语言。
这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
(3)Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the US team. 神奇女侠2推迟上映
fingerfamily 很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。
(4)He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。
(5)The farms were short of hands during the harvest ason.
javascript培训
在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。
(6)He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。
4. 转喻(metonymy)是用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White Hou 代替美国政府或者总统, 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol, 用the bar 来代替the legal profession,用 crown代替 king等。。
例如:
His pur would not allow him that luxury.
他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
(2)The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
(3)He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。
(4)The pen is mightier than the sword.
(5)例子
Uncle Sam( 山姆大叔)--the United States(美国)
Fleet Street(舰队街)--the British press(英国报界)
the Pentagon(五角大楼)--U.S Defence Department (美国国防部)
Foggy Bottom(雾谷)--U.S. State Department (美国国务院)
Hollywood(好莱坞)--American film-making industry (美国电影制片业,电影界)
10,Downing Street(唐宁街10号)--the residence and office of the British prime minister(英国首相官邸)
Ivan(伊万)--the Russian people(俄罗斯人民)
5. 拟人(personification)把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。 例如:
(1)My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。
(2)This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。
(3)The flowers nodded to her while she pasd.
当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。
(4)The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛,树叶哗哗作响。
(5)My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
我唯一担心的是,到了一月份我又得去找工作。
英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化,赋以生命,使人们读起来亲切生动。
6.委婉 (euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语,以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如:
kicker
unfo用to fall asleep; cea thinking; pass away; go to heaven; leave us 代替 to die
用nior citizens代替old people
用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil2014四级答案
用weight watcher代替 fat people
用mental hospital 代替 madhou或者 asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory
用 handicapped代替 crippled
用low income brackets阶层; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people
7. 夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。
(1)My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。
(2)When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来。
(3) My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动。
8.反语/讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。
(1)Well, of cour, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。
as welcome as a storm象欢迎暴风雨一样受 欢迎(实则“不得人心”);as slender in the middle as a cow in the waist腰细如牛(实际是“腰粗如 牛”)。
as clear as mud
9. 双关语(pun)用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果:表面上是一个意思,而实际上却暗含另一个意思,这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。(1)A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.
一发炮弹打断了他的腿,所以他缴械投降了。
(arms可指手臂或者武器)
(2)Seven days without water make one weak (week).
七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者:七天没有水就是一周没有水。
He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.
They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.
10. 通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。
(1)Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。