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Feminism
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Definition:
just give me a reason歌词Feminism was not inaugurated until late in the 1960s. Behind it, however, lie two centuries of struggle for the recognition of women’s cultural roles and achievements, and for women’s social and political rights. The most important task of feminism is to arou feminist consciousness. By challenging, exposing, criticizing, and subverting the ideological source of gender discrimination—androcentrism (or patriarchal culture), feminism advocates women’s liberation, and aims to construct a society in which men and women are equal, and male and female are in harmony.
The Central Issues:
a. The basic view is that Western civilization is pervasively 语言学习系统patriarchal (ruled by the father----that is, it is male-centered and controlled, and is organized and conducted in such a way as to subordinate women to men in all cultural domains: familial, religious, political, economic, social, legal, and artistic.服装搭配培训学校
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b. Women themlves are taught, in the process of being socialized, to internalized freeloop是内在化the reigning patriarchal ideology (that is, the conscious and unconscious presuppositions about male superiority), and so are conditioned to derogate their own x and to cooperate in their own subordination.
c. It is widely held that while one’s x is determined by anatomy, the prevailing concepts of gender-of the traits that are conceived to constitute what is masculine and what is feminine in identity and behavior-are largely, if not entirely, cultural constructs that were generated by the pervasive patriarchal bias of our civilization.
The further claim is that this patriarchal (or “androcentric”) ideology pervades tho writings which have been traditionally considered great literature, and which until recently have been written mainly by men for men.
d. To the males, the female characters, when they play a role, are marginal and subordinate, and are reprented either as complementary to or in opposition to masculine desires and enterpris.
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e. A major interest of feminist critics in English-speaking countries has been to reconstitute the ways we deal with literature in order to do justice to female points of view, concerns, and values. Another prominent procedure has been to identify recurrent and distorting “images of women”, especially in the novels and poems written by men. The images are often reprented as tending to fall into two antithetic patterns. “Angel in the Hou; demonic projections of men’s xual rentments and terrors
From: Theory and Practice:
The central issues of feminism, namely:
a. That men, either unconsciously or consciously, have oppresd women, allowing them little or no voice in the political, social, or economic issues of their society;
b. That by not giving voice and value to women’s opinions, respons, and writings, men have therefore suppresd the female, defined what it means to e feminine, and thereby de-voiced, devalued, and trivialized what it means to be a woman; and
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c. That, in effect, men have made women the “nonsignificant Other.”
Feminism’s goal is to change this degrading view of women so that all women will realize that they are not a nonsignificant Other, but that each woman is a valuable person posssing the same privileges and rights as every man. Women, feminists declare, must define themlves and asrt their own voices in the arenas of politics, society, education, and the arts. By personally committing themlves to fostering such change, feminists hope to create a society in which not only the male but also the female voice is equally valued.
Gynocriticism
Methodology: Wanting to challenge and change Western culture’s assumption that males are superior to females and are therefore better thinkers, more rational, more rious, and more reflective than women, some feminist critics begin their debunking of male superiority by exposing stereotypes of women in every literary period. Women, they argue, cannot be simply depicted and classified as either angels or demons, saints or wh
ores, or brainless houwives or eccentric spinsters. Such characteristics must be identified and challenged, and this kind of abu/diminishment of women by male authors must be acknowledged as a way that men have consciously or unconsciously demeaned, devalued, and demoralized women.
Feminists asrt that the female authors must be rediscovered by having their works republished and re-evaluated.宝瓶时代
