英语长句对策
第二版
施正南
备考
gment是什么意思
前言
在一些高级英语考试当中，如托福、雅思、GRE和GMAT中，动辄好几行的长句子难免让人感到头痛。本系列试图将构成长句子的各种因素逐一拆解，给大家一个清晰的思路，以使大家用最少的阅读次数读懂长句。
需要大家注意的是，一个真正复杂的句子通常都是好几种语法结构的组合，所以，大家只有对每种情况都非常熟悉，才能确保思路不断。
另外，文中所有的译文，都仅用来供大家核对自己的理解是否合理，而不是严格意义上的“翻译”。我们的目的是最好的理解，而不是最完美的翻译，毕竟翻译是另一门学问了。
大量的阅读也是良好写作能力的基石，试想有哪个阅读量为零的人能写出漂亮的文章呢？因此大家在理解长句的基础上，应该设法把各种语法特点用在自己的写作过程之中。第一章“先主后次”原则和介词短语后置
汉语的表达思维通常是“先次后主”原则。
如：
关于石油的真正争议是它对挪威生活方式的威胁。
1. The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life.
又如：
研究这些新材料的关键在于研究人员与日俱增的在分子水平控制物质的能力。变心金刚
2. The key to the rearch of the new materials is rearchers’ increasing ability to
manipulate substances at the molecular level.
有时，修饰成分也可以被其他内容所修饰而成为被修饰成分，就产生了介词的接连出现，于是句子变长了。如：
通过用某些超龄的驱逐舰交换在西半球的英国领地建设美军基地的权利，美国帮助了英国。
3. The U.S. helped Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to
establish American bas in British territory in the Western Hemisphere.
再如：
年轻一代的教育的主要目的之一是为未来的市民配备他们在成年社会所需要的一切。
4. One of the chief aims of educations of the younger generation is to equip future
citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society.
名词后的介词短语通常用来修饰前面的名词，但要注意区分动词短语中的介词与起修饰作用的介词结构的区分，同时一些常用的名词/动词与介词的固定搭配也需要牢记，才能正确的应用到自己的作文中。
后置定语练习：
1. the rearch literature on left-handedness
2. nine out of ten people
3. a genetic or inherited element to handedness
4. about 6 per cent of children with two right-handed parents
5. off-spring with the same handedness
6. paralysis of the right half of their body.endi
7. a brain rearcher at the Australian National University in Canberra
8. fine control of movement
9. some capacity in the right hemisphere
10. the recovery of speech
11. her studies of macaque monkeys
12. a trend in monkeys towards the asymmetry
13. a clearer image of smaller and smaller objects
14. detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells
15. the invention of the ribbon machine by Corning in the 1920s
16. one of the great mechanical achievements of all time
17. a moving belt of steel
18. The cret of the versatility of glass
19. the atoms in the raw materials
20. meeting facilities in Sydney's southern suburbs
21. an organisational structure with only three levels of management
22. a preference for people with some 'rvice' experienceothers
23. The balance of the positions at the hotel
24. people from all three categories
25. greater management flexibility during peak and quiet times
26. The most crucial way of improving the labour cost structure at SAH 27. more productive ways of providing customer rvice
28. their own suggestions for improvement
29. Trade outside the city
keylogger30. Estimates of the ratio of basic to rvice workers
31. lower Manhattan between two river mouths
32. an unrealistic optimism about the nature of the zoo industry
33. a rious underestimate of the total number of places
34. A prevalent attitude amongst many nurs in the group
35. the level of abnteeism amongst the 250 Registered an Enrolled Nurs in the
prent study
36. incentives from local business
37. the ward with the lowest abnce rate
38. working schedule within the limits of clinical needs
39. the pattern of abnce of staff with excessive sick leave
40. a 5 per cent decrea from the first to the cond year of the study.
41. A significant decrea in abnce over the two -year period
42. he long-term effects of incentive awards on abnteeism
43. significant improvements in communication between managers and staff
44. implementation of the third strategy
45. concentration of vehiclesl o v e
46. air quality in urban areas
47. 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom
48. the old modes of transport
49. life without a car
50. Mass u of motor vehicles
51. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment
52. fuel efficiency of engines
53. Better integration of transport systems
54. The fruitless arch for the cau of the increa in illiteracy is a tragic example
of the saying 'They can't e the wood for the trees'.
55. The teacher's task of improving comprehension
56. influences outside the classroom
57. books with pictures
58. new hope of liberation from the shadows of cancer
59. every single gene within the double helix of humanity's DNA
60. new forms of discrimination and new methods of oppression
61. a variety of species with overlapping periods of activity.
62. an integral part of the successful management of dairy farms in Australia over
the past few decades
固定搭配
1. turned to the brain for clues
2. a number of things
3. dispo of that unwanted material.
4. process information by means of light
5. hundreds of times
6. take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material
7. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places.
8. But few democratic communities are blesd with the vision - and the capital - to
make such profound changes in modern lifestyles.
9. A more likely scenario ems to be a combination of mass transit systems for
travel into and around cities, with small 'low emission' cars for urban u and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for u elwhere.
10. There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining
standards of literacy in schools.
touch my heart什么意思
11. decline in literacy.
12. a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging
way with all aspects of learning to read.
13. prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image
avonmouth14. It is hard to wean children off picture books
15. a narrow focus on dia
16. n of values 17. free humanity from the terrible scourge of diver dias
18. Many characteristics, such as height and intelligence, result not from the actionkins
of genes alone, but from subtle interactions between genes and the environment.
19. the beetles to dispo of the dung
综合应用
1. learn a hand preference from their mother in the first year of life
2. the specialisation in function of the two hemispheres results in anatomical
differences
3. Every brain is initially female in its organisation.
4. attitudes towards left-handed people are gradually changing for the better
5. a new type of glass fashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispo of that
unwanted material.
6. the cost of one was equivalent to half a day‘s pay for the average worker
7. the atoms in the raw materials are disturbed from their normal position in the
molecular structure
8. Glass as instant curtains is available now.
9. difficulties in Australia in providing long-term profits for hotel owners
