中学英语基础知识构词法

更新时间:2023-06-30 11:34:13 阅读：评论：0

中学英语基础知识

构词糟糕的拼音法

英语构词法主要有三种：一是“转化”，二是“合成”，三是“派生”。

1.转化词：转化就是由一个词类转化为另一个词类，即不同的词性有不同的词义（绝非一词多义:key,tip）。

eg:arm,face,hand,head,heat,cool,cover,break,book,clear,clean,empty,clo,mean,ntence,fine,match,matter,but,order,plant,round,some,that,while,will,though,right,light,sound,prent,welcome,well

2.合成词：又叫复合词，指两个或两个以上的词构成一个新词，有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合

成副词等。eg: facebook,breadwinner,feedback,fingerprint,window-shop,air-conditioner,hide-and-ek,up-to-date

注意：合成形容词一定要有连字符，其中名词不可用复数。如：

a 3000-word report 一份三千词的报导 an 800-meter-long bridge一座八百米长的桥

3.派生词: 由词根（或词干）加词缀构成的新词被称为派生词。加于词根之前的叫前缀，之后的叫后缀。

1)常见前缀：

il(l前)--- illegal,illogical

两个感恩节的绅士ir(r前)---irregular,irresponsible

im(b,m,p前)--- imbalance,impolite,impatient,imperfect,immoral(不道德的),immature,immodest

in(其它)—informal,incorrect,inconvenient,independent,invisible,incomplete,incurable

dis+adj.---disabled, dishonest, disorderly, dissatisfied

dis+v. ---disagree,discover,dislike,disappear,disobey,distrust,disunite; disadvantage

un+adj.---unhappy,unlike,unusual,unnecessary,unimportant,unable,unwi

un+v.---uncover,unlock,undress,unfold,unearth,unload,unplug

non+n.---non-smoker,non-stop,nonn,non-violence,non-profit

anti（抗，反，防）---anti-black,anti-Japane,anti-war,anti-cancer,anti-ager,anti-tank

auto（自动的）---automobile,autoboat,autonomous,autograph; ATM,JAC

bi（双，两）---bicycle,bimonthly,bicultural,bilingual(双语的)

co（合作，共同）---co-worker,cooperation,co-author

en（使）--- encourage,enlarge,endanger,enable,ensure,enrich

e（电子）---email,e-pal,e-commerce,e-dictionary,e-book

ex（前任的）---ex-wife,ex-husband,ex-president,ex-boyfriend

fore（前面）---forehead,foresight,forecast,forward

inter（相互）---international,interschool,interactive,interchange

kilo（千）---kilocalorie,kilogram,kilometer,kilovolt,kilowatt

micro（微；放大）---microblog,Microsoft,microwave,microphone,microscope

mid（中间）---midday,midnight,Mid-Autumn Festival

mini (微型的；超短的) ---minibus,minicamera,miniskirt

mis（误）---misprint,misspell,mistake,misreport,misunderstand,misleading

multi(多)---multimedia,multicultural,multichannel,multistate,multifactor,multifunctional,multievaluation

over（过度）---overspeed,overwork,oversleep,overprotect,overload,overcharge,overfish,overspend

post（之后）---postwar,post-reading,postgraduate,the post-90’s

pre（之前）---preface,prediction,preposition,pre-reading,preview

re（再，重新）---rebuild,recall,recycle,renew,restore,retell,reu,rewrite,rebroadcast

mi（半）---miconductor,micircle,mifinal,miautomatic,miannual

sub（下，次，亚）---subway,subtitle,submarine,subtropical

super（超级）---superman,superstar,supermarket

tele（电信；远处）---telegram,telegraph,telephone,television,telescope

trans（转换）---transport,transplant,transmit,translate,transxual

tri（三）---triangle,tricircle,tricycle,tricolour

under（在…下）---underground,underwear,underwater,underworld

vice（副的）--- vice-president,vice-chairman,vice-premier,vice-headmaster

2)常见后缀：

英语四级翻译parr errorrubber是什么意思

词性	后缀	例词
名词	-er	designer, fighter, thinker,runner,reporter;Londoner,New Zealander
	-e	Chine,Japane,Portugue
	-ian	musician,physician,historian,Egyptian,Asian,African
	-ist	feed是什么意思artist,pianist,communist,scientist,typist,physicist,novelist
	-or	inventor,visitor,actor,sailor,conductor
	-ess	hostess,actress,waitress,princess,goddess,stewardessvisit的现在分词
	-ness	business,illness,darkness,sadness,kindness,happiness,weakness
	-ing	feeling,smoking,building,schooling,shopping
	-ence	abnce,silence,difference,patience,independence,violence
	-eer	engineer,pioneer,volunteer
	-age	marriage,carriage,package,percentage,postage
	-al	arrival,refusal,survival,approval
	-ee	employee,interviewee,trainee,examinee,referee
	-ful	mouthful,handful,spoonful
	-hood	childhood,manhood,neighbourhood
	-ism	socialism,communism,capitalism,racism,humanism,patriotism
	-ity	ability,activity,equality,creativity,similarity,possibility
	-logy	biology,archaeology,psychology,zoology,ecology,geology(地质学)
	-ment	agreement,movement,development,government
	-ship	friendship,scholarship,membership,relationship,leadership
	-sion	decision,conclusion,discussion,expression,permission
	-th	length,width,depth,growth,death
	-tion	production,description,explanation,pronunciation
	-ty	cruelty,curiosity,loyalty,society,honesty,safety,difficulty,guilty
	-dom	freedom,wisdom,kingdom
形容词	-al	physical,national,political,cultural,natural,environmental,universal
	-an	American,Italian,Australian,European,Russian
	-ern	southern, northern, eastern, western, northwestern
	-ful	helpful,powerful,colorful,fruitful,peaceful,wonderful;forgetful
	-ive	active, instructive, expensive, effective, collective,nsitive
	-y	cloudy,windy, rainy, stormy, dirty,healthy,noisy,tasty,salty,greedy
	-less	endless,penniless,homeless,hopeless,jobless,priceless,sleepless
	-free	smoke-free, fat-free, salt-free, tax-free, duty-free, barrier-free,
	-able	suitable,comfortable,valuable,reasonable,countable,acceptable
	-ly	friendly,daily,weekly,monthly,elderly
	-ic(al)	historic(al),economic(al),electric快速记忆法(al)
	-ed	manned,learned,gifted,talented,same streetcrowded,naked
	-ous	dangerous,glorious,various,famous,humorous,mountainous
动词	-fy	beautify, terrify, satisfy, simplify,purify
	-ize	apologize, organize, realize, analy, recognise（Br.E）
	-en	deepen,strengthen,widen,shorten,sharpen
副词	-ly	badly, truly, angrily, happily,loudly,quickly,cretly
副词	-ward(s)	northward, downward, backwards
数词	-teen	fourteen, eighteen, fifteen, nineteen
	-ty	forty, fifty, thirty, venty
	-th	twelfth, twentieth, ninth, eighth

形容词变副词

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中 学 英 语 基 础 知 识构词法

中学英语基础知识构词法