考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4
(总分70,考试时间90分钟)
2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined gments into Chine.
花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求——2013年英译汉及详解It is speculated that gardens ari from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that lf-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, the gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of the urges had to do with creating a state of pe
娇客ace in the midst of turbulence, a "still point of the turning world," to borrow a phra from T. S. Eliot.【F2】A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as oppod to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for the unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one"s relation to one"s environment.【F3】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn" t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they **posure to a gment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that the gardens appear to respond to, or to ari from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourlves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so **positions often em to reprent
教育学考研真题attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent prence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements who reference, at some basic level, ems to be the natural world.【F5】It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the u of word "garden" though in a"liberated" n, to describe the synthetic constructions.In them we can e biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny reprentational forms.
1. 【F1】
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基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取——2010年英译汉及详解One basic weakness in a conrvation system bad wholly on economic motives is that most members of the **munity have no economic value. Yet the creatures are members of the **munity, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of the non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excus to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were suppod to be disappearing.【F1】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that incts would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read the roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the prence or abnce of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that the creatures prerve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Here again, the evidence had to be e
conomic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of **munity, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itlf.Some species of tree have been "read out of the party" by economics-minded foresters becau they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the **mercial tree species are recognized as members of native **munity, to be prerved as such, within reason.Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conrvation bad solely on economic lf-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the **munity that **mercial value, but that are esntial to its healthy functioning.It assumes, fally, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
concrate6. 【F1】
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研究生面试自我介绍9. 【F4】
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法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义——2007年英译汉及详解The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.【F1】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special prerve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itlf in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itlf as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methobelieve意思
2013年专八考试时间颜色英语ds should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.【F2】On the other, it links the concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover **ment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a **ponent of a journalist" s intellectual preparation for his or her career.【F3】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.【F4】In fact, it is difficult to e how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which o
ccur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journal ists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.【F5】**ment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.The can **e from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
walnut11. 【F1】
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欧洲的电视媒体——2005年英译汉及详解It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass
media in this overwhelmingly significant pha in European history. History and news become confud, and one"s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.【F1】Television is one of the means by which the feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it rved so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.【F2】In Europe, as elwhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing hous that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and **e to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible **panies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.【F3】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the **munity will oblige **panies to cooper
ate more cloly in terms of both production and distribution.【F4】Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, who programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve the objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary rvices and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.【F5】In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "United we stand, divided we fall"—and if I had to choo a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity". A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.fraud
