V Questions 30% 四选二
1. Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as tho in religion, philosophy and literature.
Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.
简述希腊文化的主要成就，如宗教、哲学和文学等。在荷马时代，希腊宗教真正成型，并以多神论以及人类的形态和情感为特征。希腊宗教对希腊文学、哲学和艺术作出了巨大贡献。希腊宗教是希腊神话的重要开端，荷马史诗中的宗教故事使希腊神话得到充分的发展，从而影响了后来的各种希腊文化的发展。
Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material w
orld originated in water. His philosophy was gratitudematerialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.
希腊哲学始于泰利斯（希腊哲学家，公元前640年–公元前547年）他认为物质世界起源于水。他的哲学属于唯物主义。他跟着毕达哥拉斯的人认为，对世界的理解的关键是数字，对理想主义的发言人反对。
希腊哲学家的核心（代表人物）是苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德。苏格拉底很少考虑物质财富，但热衷于探讨一些道德和行为问题的定义，例如“友谊”和“勇气”。
柏拉图建立高等学院 —— 希腊第一所高等学校。他的贡献包括他的思想理论和他关于“共和国”的论点，这一观点包括他对未来国家的理想，即人类可以享受幸福的生活。亚里士多德也是一个博学的人，他的工作涉及广泛的领域。他作为哲学家的声望很大程度上取决于他关于profession形而上学的论点，他试图在物质和神性之间
文学表现围绕着伊利亚特和ten years奥德赛这两首史诗，抒情诗有莎孚和品达，戏剧有埃斯库罗斯、欧里庇得斯和幻觉英文阿里斯多芬尼斯，他们的作品融合了希腊神话和社会生活，赢得了公众的赞赏和热忱。
2. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry and architecture.健康管理师培训
In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. However, the Romans showed the 赛尔号英文eclectic aspect in their culture，i.e. Romans did not take in all that they collected from other cultures but modified and developed it according to their own need. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subquent Western culture i
n many fields.
简述罗马文化的主要特点和贡献，如宗教、诗歌和建筑。Before Christianity appeared in Rome, ancient Romans were polytheists. They adopted many cults from other religions, fusing them into their own religion. According to Greek culture and others’ culture, they created their own gods and myth, such as Jupiter, Juno, and Venus, which become subject matter for the artist, writers, and architects in their creative production.
在早期，罗马文化经常依赖于对其他文化的引进和模仿，尤其是希腊文化。然而，罗马人在他们的文化中显示了折衷的方面，也就是说罗马人没有全盘接受从其他文化中收集到的一切，而是根据自己的需要修改和发展它。罗马人创造了自己强大的文化，为后来的西方文化在许多领域奠定了基础。在罗马出现基督教之前，古罗马人是多神论者。他们从其他宗教中吸收了许多教派，把他们融合到自己的宗教中。根据希腊文化和其他文化，他们创造了自己的神和神话，如朱庇特、朱诺和维纳斯，这成为艺术家、作家和建筑师创作的主题。
在诗歌方面，古罗马取得了辉煌的成就，造就了众多杰出的诗人和诗歌。诗人维吉尔的诗被认为是欧洲文学传统史诗的典范。他在诗歌方面很有名，所以他被许多田园作家所模仿。例如，意大利诗人。
去日本留学的条件
英语四六级考试延期但丁在他的代表作《神曲》中称他为老师。贺拉斯不仅以诗歌出名，而且以批评家著称。在他的品味英文书信中，他提出了许多具有影响力的创作原则，对后世产生了巨大的影响。十七世纪，他的作品被译成英文。另一个重要的诗人是奥维德，他的蜕变被翻译成英文并且被许多著名作家频繁引用，如乔叟、莎士比亚、本·琼森、雪莉、艾略特。
A number of important historians came forth in the ancient Roman period. Polybius created his chine teatremendous works consisting of 40 books, History, which spanned about 500 years. Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His works has always been cited by later statesmen, writers and scholars such as Niccolo Machiavelli and Shakespeare.
