第二章盎格鲁-诺尔曼时期
填空题
1. ________ conquered England on October 14, 1066. From then on began the medieval period. （南开大学2008研）
【答案】Duke of Normandy
【解析】公元1066年，诺曼底公爵，或者叫William, the Conqueror（征服者威廉），占领英格兰，从此开始了中世纪时期。
2. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of ________.
【答案】Hastings
【解析】1066年黑斯廷之战，盎格鲁-撒克逊人溃败，诺曼征服开始。
3. After the _______ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. 【答案】Norman
【解析】诺曼征服后英国封建主义制度建立。
4. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of _______. 【答案】Hastings
【解析】1066年黑斯廷之战盎格鲁-撒克逊人溃败，诺曼征服开始。
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iphones5. By the time when England entered into feudal society, the society was divided into two class: _______ and _______.
【答案】landlords; peasants
【解析】英国进入封建社会后社会分为地主和农民两大阶级。
选择题
1. In 1066, _______, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.
顺时针英文A. William the Conqueror
B. Julius Caesar
C. Alfred the Great
D. Claudius
【答案】A
【解析】1066年征服者威廉率领他的诺曼底军队打败英军成为英伦三岛的统治者。
2. The story of _______ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.
A. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
B. The story of Beowulf
C. Piers the plowman
D. The Canterbury Tales
【答案】A
【解析】亚瑟王传奇有很多套诗组成，《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》可谓是顶颠之作；《贝奥武夫》
是一首史诗，它主要记述了英雄贝奥武夫与格伦德尔，女妖和火龙战斗的英勇事迹；《农夫皮尔斯》是朗格兰的代表作，作者通过一系列的梦境，对14世纪英国的社会状况进行了生动形象的描述：《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟的代表作，在此作品中作者把各种各样的人聚集在一起，让处于每个社会阶层的人讲自己最喜欢的故事，以此来描述当时英国社会的生活。
3. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _______.
A. Frenchdueto
B. English
C. Latin
D. Swedish
【答案】A
【解析】诺曼征服后英国出现了三种语言鼎立的局面。国王和日耳曼的宫廷贵族使用法语；拉丁语成为教会和学校的主要语言；平民百姓使用英语。
术语解释
1. Romance（北外2011 研）
【答案】Romance: ①it refers to a fictional story in ver or pro that relates improbable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted ttings; or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism. ②The term now embraces many forms of fiction from the Gothic novel and the popular escapist love story to the scientific romances of H.G. Wells, but it usually refers to
the tales of King Arthur’s knights written in the late Middle Ages. ③Medieval romance is distinguished from epic by its concerning on courtly love rather than warlike heroism. Later pro ro
mances differ from novels in their preference for allegory and psychological exploration rather than realistic social obrvation, especially in American works like Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance.
2. Freudianism （国际关系学院2007研）
【答案】Freudianism: Freudianism derives from Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Freudianism emphasizes the importance of unconscious forces in determining the beliefs and actions of human beings. The theory also has great influence on literature in the 20th century. A lot of modern writers such as Woolf, Joyce and Lawrence are deeply influenced by Freudianism.
3. Arthurian legend
【答案】Arthurian legend: It is a group of tales （in veral languages）that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur, mi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity.
简答题
1. What are the esntial features of romance in the medieval English literature?
【答案】
The romance was the prevailing form of literature in the Middle Ages. It was a long composition, sometimes in ver, sometimes in pro, ud to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. Its esntial features are:
（1）The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the u of weapons. He is commonly described as riding forth to accomplish some missions—to protect the church, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden, to meet a challenge or to obey a knightly command.
（2）Romantic love is an important part of the plot in the romance.意大利语我爱你
（3）It lacks general remblance to truth or reality.
（4）The structure is loo and episodic, and the language is simple and straight forward.
（此题可从传奇诗的定义、主题、结构、语言风格等方面作答。）
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drivers是什么意思2. What are the major subjects that the English romance mainly deals with?
青岛理工大学是一本还是二本【答案】
①The English romance mainly deals with three major subjects: the “Matter of France”, the “Matter of Rome”, and the “Matter of Britain”.
②The “Matter of France” means a collection of tales about Charlemagne, the mighty ruler of France and neighboring countries around 800 A.D., and his peers and their wars against the Saracens.
③The “Matter of Rome” covers everything from the ancient Romans and the
Greeks. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Greece, Egypt, India and Persian Empire is the favorite hero of this group. Besides this, Trojan War is also dealt with in this group.
The “Matter of Britain” means the legendary history of Britain. It mainly deals with the exploits of King
Arthur and his knights.
abdc3. What is the influence of the Norman Conquest upon English language and literature?
【答案】
（1）During the period of the Norman Conquest, English and Norman-French existed side by side in England, together with Latin. French for quite a long time prevailed among the noble; Latin was at bigger schools and it also ud in the churches and monasteries; and the lower ranks made u of English.
（2）In this period, English language had experienced gradual but radical and extensive changes. Thousands of words were borrowed from French and through French from Latin and also Greek, but many English worlds disappeared at the same time. The English language in this transitional stage from Old English to Modern English has generally been known as Middle English.
（3）The literature was varied in interest and extensive in range. The Normans began to write histories or chronicles. Most of them were written in Latin of French. The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance.
（此题主要从诺曼征服时期英语语言的变化和这一时期出现的文学形式两个方面回
