最全面英国文学史知识点总结（1）
英国文学史
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a ntence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2. Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400
(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①坎特伯雷故事集：
first time to u ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③声誉之宫
Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1. new discoveries in geography and astrology
lobo2. the religious reformation and economic expansion
3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
plutocratChristopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund Spenr埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）The poets’poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbeybustop
①仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and fait
hfull loves”. Artistic features:
1. Using Spenrian Stanza
Definition of Spenrian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
②牧人日历
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
③爱情小唱
2. Thomas More托马斯莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①乌托邦
3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的着作中提出了知识就是力量这一着名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）美国经典动画片大全
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
①学术的推进
②随笔(famous quotas: )
The theme of Of Studies: us and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
②狐狸
5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank ver: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
①浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）
②帖木耳大帝
③马耳他的犹太人
6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616
①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII
②Four Comedies四大喜剧:
皆大欢喜;
melodrama>三叉戟怎么读第十二夜;
仲夏夜之梦;
威尼斯商人
③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:
哈姆莱特;
奥赛罗;
李尔王;
麦克白
④Shakespeare Sonnet :
154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics: 失乐园
复乐园
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③论出版自由
为英国人民声辩
④我的失明
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.
哂纳
Its theme is that people u their talent for God, and they rve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式着作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
天路历程
3. John Donne
a little love mp3
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himlf.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:
1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
parachute什么意思
①Meditations 沉思录
2531The Flea 虱子
②Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
