英国文学
advidAlliteration: 押头韵 repetition of the initial sounds（不一定是首字母）
Allegory:backbone 寓言 a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.
Allusion: 典故 a reference in a literary work to person, place etc. often to well-known characters or events.
Archetype: 原型
Irony:中考复习资料 反讽 intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated
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Black humor: 黑色幽默
Metaphor: 暗喻
Ballad: gkl民谣 about the folk loge
Epic: 史诗 in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes.
Romance: 罗曼史/骑士文学 is a popular literary form in the medieval England./Chivalry
Euphuism: 夸饰文体 This kind of style consists of two distinct elements. The first is abundant u of balanced ntences, alliterations and other artificial prosodic means. The cond element is the u of odd similes and comparisons.
Spenrian stanza: It refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter. 斯宾塞诗节新诗体，每一节有9排，前8排是抑扬格五步格诗，第9排是抑扬格六步格诗。The Faerie Queene
Conceit: 奇特的比喻 is a far-fetched simile or metaphor, occurs when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things. 不像的事物
Sonnet: 十四行诗 a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.
Blank ver: 无韵体诗 written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
Elegy 挽歌
The Heroic Couplet: 英雄对偶句
Lyric: 抒情诗 is a short poem that express the poet’s thoughts and emotion or illustrates some life principle. often concerns love. A red, red Ro.
Byronic Hero: refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.
Stream of Consciousness:compatibility 意识流 the author tells the story through the freely flowing thoughts and associations of one of the characters. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are two major advocates of this technique.
Renaissance: 文艺复兴 14-15th, originated in Italy, encouraged the reformation of the Church and humanism.
Humanism: 人文主义 it is the esnce of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the prent life.
Metaphysical poetry:highways 玄学派诗歌it is commonly ud to name the work of the 17th-cent
ury writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With the rebellious spirit, they tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple. John Donne, George Herbert.
英语学习成人The Enlightenment Movement: 启蒙运动 18th century flourished in France. Enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. reason, rationality, equality and science and universal education. John Dryden, Alexander Pope.
Neoclassicism: 新古典主义17-18th centuries of classical standards of standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson.
青少年游学机构Sentimentalism: 感伤主义 18世纪60-80年代，came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. u of pathetic effects and attempts to arou feeling by “pathetic” indulgence.
The Graveyard School: 墓畔派 who poems are mostly devote to ntimental lamentations or meditation on life, past and prent, with death and graveyard as theme.
Romanticism: 浪漫主义 mid-18th century, strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism. romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.
Lake Poets: 湖畔派诗人 refers to such romantic poets as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey who lived in the Lake District.
Critical Realism: 批判现实主义
•applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
•criticize capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint but did not find a way to eradicate social evils.
•concerned about the fate of common people and described what was faithful to reality.
•Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.
Modernism: 现代主义 began in the late 19
th century and flourish until 1950. concentrate more on the private and subjunctive than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner world of an individual.
美国文学
American Puritanism: 清教徒主义 accept the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement.
American Romanticism: 美国浪漫主义up to
•subjectivity 主观性 emphasis on individualism—personal freedom, no hero worship, natural goodness
•back to medieval, esp medieval folk literature
•back to nature 回归自然
Transcendentalism: 超验主义
•Began in New England around 1830, spokesman was R. W. Emerson, man’s capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach the traditional five ns, he can also learn spontaneously, out of his soul or instincts.
