美国文学史及选读 期末复习重点
考试题型：
1.名词解释（20分）5个*4=20分
2.选择题（20分）
3.连线题（10分）
4.判断题（10分）
5.片段赏析（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌
6.论述题（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌
interchangeThe Outline of American Literature
mid autumn dayThe Realistic Period 1865-1914
Realists:Henry James and his 生活常识 英文psychological realismvivian什么意思
William Dean Howells and his moral realism
Local Colorism/Regionalism: Mark Twain
Naturalists:Stephen Crane /Dreir
The Modern Period 1914-1945
Modern Poetry:
Imagism:Ezra Pound
W.C.Williams
Lyrical Poet：Robert Frost
Carl Sandburg
Wallace Stevens
Modern Novelists:
Reprentatives of the Lost Generation:
(Jazz Age)F.Scott Fitzgerald/Ernest Hemingway/T.S.Eliot
Epitome of the Southern Renaissance:
William Faulkner
The Leftist Novelists:
John Dos Passos/John Steinbeck名师精讲
The Jewish American Novelists in this period:
Eugene O·Neill
Part I Term Definition
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1.American Naturalism:美国自然主义
铃儿响叮当英文歌曲1.Naturalism is a more deliberate kind of realism and this term describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity（客观） and detachment（冷静） to its study of human beings. 2.Naturalism is a literary movement that ud detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. 3.Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.4.It accepted the interpretation of Darwin’s evolutionary theory and Dreir is a leading figure of this school.5.The reprentative figure is Stephen Crane and his Sister Carrie.
Key words：Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory;environment and heredity; objectivity and detachment Theodore Dreir; Sister Carrie, Stephen Crane, etc.
2.American Realism:美国现实主义
1.时间：In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. 内战将浪漫主义结束，开启现实主义。
2.It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and ntimentalism. 反对浪漫主义和感伤主义3.Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It express the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of the human nature and human experience.现实主义从对奇异的强调转向对平凡的忠实的渲染，一种生活的片段。它表达了对平庸和平庸的关注，它提供了一个客观的而不是理想化的人性观和人类经验。4.A realistic writer is more objective than subjective，more descriptive than symbolism.
5.The reprentative figures are Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells.
Key words：Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells；reality; the depresd;
3.Modernism:现代主义
1.口技翻译It was a complex and diver (复杂多样的) international movement in all the creative arts (创造性艺术), originating about the end of the 19th century.
2.It provided （出现）the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century.
3.It was made up of many facets (方面), such as symbolism招聘技巧，surrealism (超现实主义), cubism (立体主义), expressionism, futurism (未来主义), etc.
4.Modernism implies historical discontinuity，a n of alienation，of loss and of despair.
4.Southern Renaissance(南方文艺复兴，必考)：
1.时间：The Southern Renaissance is the revival of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s until the 1950s.2.特色：Much of the writings featured the struggle between tho who embraced social changes and tho who were more skeptical.3.观点：The writers attempt to come to terms not only with the inherited values of the Southern tradition，but also with a certain way of perceiving and dealing with the past.4.代表人物：The reprentative figures are William Faulkner Williams and so on.
5.Imagism:意象主义
1.时间，地点，影响：Imagism was a literary poetic movement which flourished in London between 1909 and 1917 and had an enduring and pervasive best buyinfluence on English-language poetry in the twentieth century.
2.意象主义三原则：Here are three imagist poetic principles:Direct treatment of the thing whether subjective or objective；Eliminate merely ornamental or superfluous words；As regarding rhythm，to compo in the quence of the musical phra,not in the quence of a metronome.3.代表人物：The imagists were led by Ezra Pound and the reprentative figures are D.H.Lawrence.Ezra Pound and so on.
6.Iceberg Principle:冰山原则
1.主要观点：Iceberg Principle is that the full meaning of the text is not limited to moving the plot forward：there is always a web of association and inference，a su
bmerged reason behind the inclusion of every detail.2.提出者：It is a writing style coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway.3.举例：In Death in the Afternoon（午后之死），Hemingway outlined his “theory of omission”or“iceberg principle”.4.海明威的观点：He believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface，but should shine through implicitly.The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
