备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破
技能 2 词义猜测题
解题指导 素养提升
题型特点
词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有：①猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义；②推断某个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思；③判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；④解释英语中特定的表达（谚语、俚语等）。
正确选项特征
郑州美甲1.相应词语的同义词语。peel是什么意思
2.对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。
干扰选项特征
1.对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
2.半对半错。
3.曲解原意。way back into love mp3
常见的设问方式有：
Which of the following has the clost meaning to“…."?
Which of the following can replace the word“…."?
What does the underlined word/phra/expression“.…”refer to/mean?
Who does“."refer to in the text?
典例剖析
规律技巧1：根据上下文逻辑猜测。要特别注意需猜测词义的词句前后出现的表示因果、转折、对比或递进
等逻辑关系的词语。
[真题典例1] (2021·新高考I美国德州大学 C篇节选)
英语听力mp3下载
When the explorers first t foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an
钾霞石
astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of the precious natural resources wily.
Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the ttlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of the resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and hou the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
29.What does the underlined word“decimate"mean in the first paragraph? 选项出处
A. Acquire. 原文未提
B. Export. 原文未提
C. Destroy. raysys羊皮卷下载一段②③句
D. Distribute. 原文未提
[路径一] 从问（题干）的角度解答—一如何得出正解
第1步：题干的关键信息为decimate和the first paragraph。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们回到原文一段③句。该句提到，不幸的是，探险者和随后而来的殖民者仅用了几十年时间，就将这些资源中的一大部分 decimate.。由本句尚无法得知decimate一词的意思，但由句首的Unfortunately(不幸的是)一词可知，本句与上句之间应为转折关系，故需联系上文。
第2步：一段②句指出，美洲原住民妥善地保护着这些珍贵的自然资源。由于③句与②句应形成转折，因此，③句中的decimate的释义应与②句中的had taken care of(保护)的释义相
反。备选项中Destroy(破坏)代人后符合语意，且能够与②句中的had taken care of形成对照。C项是对原文的合理推断，同时可排除A、B、D三项。
第3步：新东方夏令营已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。
规律技巧2：根据上下文线索，如打比方、举例子、作比较、下定义等猜测。
[真题典例2] (2021·3月天津C篇节选)
The poignancy(酸楚)of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baball and what had pushed him to make such a旗标 tough decision took me by surpri.As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baball uniform,I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer rved him,just as our lizard had.Neither of them cho the moment that had transformed them.But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.Just like us.I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
43.The underlined part“leaving behind the layer"in Paragraph 8 can be understood as___
_. 选项出处
A.letting go of the past 八段末句
B.looking for a new job 八段⑥句
C.getting rid of a bad habit 原文未提
D.giving up an opportunity 原文未提
[路径一] 从问（题干）的角度解答——如何得出正解
第1步：题干的关键信息为leaving behind the layer和Paragraph8。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定位到第八段第2句。该句提到，当作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，看到他离开了不再为他服务的那层(球衣)，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。据此可初步得知作者用蜥蜴蜕皮来比喻乔丹退役，但还无法完全确认答案。
第2步：浏览上下文，尤其是首尾句可知此处应是作者看到乔丹放下过去，A项符合语境。
第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。
规律技巧3：根据语境判断代词(this,that,it,they,one,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)的指代对象。仔细分析指代词上下文（就近原则），找最近的名词、短语或句子，以之替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑是否通顺，再比对选项确定最佳答案。
[真题典例3] (2020·新高考I C篇节选)
In the mid-1990s,Tom Bisll taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after ven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the a.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of forei
gn aid workers.
9. What does the underlined word“that"in paragraph 2 refer to? 选项出处
A. Developing a rious mental dia. 一段②句
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. 原文未提
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. 一段①句
