主谓一致
一. 概念:句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
二. 遵循的原则:
1. 语法一致
保姆日记 下载2. 意义一致
3. 就近原则(邻近原则)
三.用法:
1. 单复数同形的名词means, headquarters(总部),ries(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)作主语时,谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。
eg. ① The glass works are near the railway station.
② This glass works(玻璃厂) was t up in 1990.
注:remains作遗体讲doma,谓语动词用复数;作遗迹、剩余物讲,谓语动词用单数或复数。
2. 只有复数形式的名词scissors(剪子),glass(眼镜), clothes, shorts(短裤), trours(裤子), goods(货物), earnings(收入),shoes, chopsticks等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
eg. ① Where are my spectacles(眼镜)?I can’t find them.
②mor code One pair of scissors isn’t enough.
3. 以s结尾的名词作主语时:
⑴ 以s结尾的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
eg. What’s the news?
⑵ 以palmoss结尾的专有名词作主语时:
a. 以s结尾的表示国家,组织等名称或书名作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:the Netherlands(荷兰), the United States(美国), the United Nations(联合国), The Ca
ntebury Tales(坎特伯雷的故事), American Notes(美国笔记), The Arabian Nights(一千零一夜)
b. 以s结尾的表示山脉,群岛,海峡,瀑布等地理名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉), the Philippine Islands(菲律宾群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)
c. 以s结尾的疾病、游戏名称等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
如:diabetes(糖尿病), darts(阿凡达i e you投镖游戏), marbles(打弹子游戏)
d. 以ics结尾的学科名称作主语iyin,谓语动词用单数。
如:physics, mathematics, politics, economics
4. 集体名词作主语时:
⑴表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式.例如army, audience, band, board(董事会), cast(全体演员),
chloe zhao class, committee, crew(全体船员), crowd, family, generation,
government, group, party, population, publie, school, staff,
team, company等。
注:这些词前如有whole修饰,则表示整体,谓语动词用单数。
⑵只当复数看待的集体名词如cattle, folk(人们),people, youth, poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫), militia(民兵)谓语动词用复数。
注:people作民族讲,谓语动词可用单数。
eg.Every people has its own ways of living.
⑶常作不可数名词、表示总称的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,例如furniture, luggage(行李),merchandi(商品),equipment, foliage(叶子),machinery(机械)、clothing, jewelry(珠宝)等。
5. 主语为外来的复数名词时,谓语动词作单数,例如data(数据)(谓语动词也可用复数),agenda(议程)等。
6. 表示时间、距离、金钱的复数名词作主语时,意义一致,把复数名词看作整体,谓语动词用单数。
eg. ① Three years has pasd.
② Four hundred miles is long distance.
③ Fifty dollars is dear.
7. 如果主语由more than one…, many a…, a/an/one…and a half与名词构成,谓语动词用单数。one and a half+名词复数,谓语动词视名词而定。more than +名词复数或more+名词复数+than one结构后,谓语动词用复数。
eg. ① More than one question was asked at the meeting.
② Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
③ An apple and a half was eaten.
(= One and a half apples were eaten.)
One and a half years has pasd. (整体概念)
8. 代词作主语时:
(1)表示数量的不定代词much, little作主语时,谓语动词用单数;many,(a)few, both, veral作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
eg. ① Much of our food comes from plants.
② Only the few are likely to enjoy the music.
(2)such, the same起指示代词作用时,谓语动词根据其所指内容决定单复数(意义一致)。
eg. ① Such is our plan.
② Such are his words.
(3)most (of), none (of), some (of), all (of) 作主语时,谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。一般来说,all指人时,谓语动词用复数;指事情时谓语动词用单数。
eg. ① All are right.(所有人都身体健康)
② All is right.(一切进展顺利)
(4) each (of), either (of), neither (of), the other, another,以及some, every, any, no+thing, body,one构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数(主语为none,谓语动词现多用复数,也可用单数)。
each放在代词后面作同位语,谓语动词由代词决定。
advid eg. We each have a reference book.
(5)关系代词who, which, that等在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的数与先行词的数保持一致。
eg. Tho who want to go plea sign your name here.
(6)疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词根据说话人要表达的意思决定单复数(意义一致)。
eg. Which is (are) your books?
9. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语时:
(1)a (great) number of, many, a few+可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数;(a) little, much, a great deal of+不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数triumphantly。
注:A. a (large) quantity of +可数名词复数或不可数名词,谓语动词的形式通常视of后名词的具体情况而定, 该名词是不可数名词时谓语用单数形式, 该名词时复数可数名词时谓语通常要采用复数形式;(large) quantities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数。
B. a large/great amount/sum of +不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;large/great amounts/sums of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数。
(2)表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, ries(单数、复数形式同形)、species(单数、复数形式同形), ton, meter等与of连用构成主语时,由of之前表示“种类、计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。a portion/pile/panel (组)/committee/board of +可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如: a kind /sort/type of, this kind /sort/type of+名词单/复数,谓语动词用单数; the/tho kind(s) /sort(s)/type(s) of+名词复数, 谓语动词用复数; what kind of+名词单数,谓语动词用单数;what kinds of+名词单数,谓语动词用复数。
eg. There has been a whole ries of accidents on the stretch of road recently. (最近在这一段路上发生了一连串事故)
colton(3)the number of +可数名词复数,the amount of +不可数名词,