主谓一致 (2)

更新时间:2023-06-28 01:44:48 阅读: 评论:0

主谓一致
一. 概念:句子的主语和谓语在人称上保持一致。
二. 遵循的原则:
1. 语法一致
保姆日记 下载2. 意义一致
3. 就近原则(邻近原则)
三.用法:
    1. 单复数同形的名词means, headquarters(总部),ries(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)作主语时,谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。
      eg. The glass works are near the railway station.
        This glass works(玻璃厂) was t up in 1990.
      :remains遗体doma,谓语动词用复数;遗迹、剩余物讲,谓语动词用单数或复数
2. 只有复数形式的名词scissors(剪子),glass(眼镜), clothes, shorts(短裤), trours(裤子), goods(货物), earnings(收入),shoes, chopsticks等作主语时,谓语动词用复数
      eg. Where are my spectacles(眼镜)?I cant find them.
          mor code One pair of scissors isnt enough.
    3. s结尾的名词作主语时:
      s结尾的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
        eg. Whats the news?
      ⑵ 以palmoss结尾的专有名词作主语时:
a. s结尾的表示国家,组织等名称或书名作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
  如:the Netherlands(荷兰), the United States(美国), the United Nations(联合国), The Ca
ntebury Tales(坎特伯雷的故事), American Notes(美国笔记), The Arabian Nights(一千零一夜)
b. s结尾的表示山脉,群岛,海峡,瀑布等地理名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
  如:the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉), the Philippine Islands(菲律宾群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)
c. s结尾的疾病、游戏名称等作主语,谓语动词用单数
如:diabetes(糖尿病), darts(阿凡达i e you投镖游戏), marbles(打弹子游戏)
d.ics结尾的学科名称作主语iyin,谓语动词用单数
  如:physics, mathematics, politics, economics
4. 集体名词作主语时:
  ⑴表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式.例如army, audience, band, board(董事会), cast(全体演员),
chloe zhao    class, committee, crew(全体船员), crowd, family, generation,
government, group, party, population, publie, school, staff,
team, company等。
        注:这些词前如有whole修饰,则表示整体,谓语动词用单数
⑵只当复数看待的集体名词如cattle, folk(人们),people, youth, poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫), militia(民兵)谓语动词用复数
注:people作民族讲,谓语动词可用单数
        eg.Every people has its own ways of living.
      ⑶常作不可数名词、表示总称的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,例如furniture, luggage(行李),merchandi(商品),equipment, foliage(叶子),machinery(机械)、clothing, jewelry(珠宝)等。
5. 主语为外来的复数名词时,谓语动词作单数,例如data(数据)(谓语动词也可用复数),agenda(议程)等。
6. 表示时间、距离、金钱的复数名词作主语时,意义一致,把复数名词看作整体,谓语动词用单数
      eg. ① Three years has pasd.
        ② Four hundred miles is long distance. 
        ③ Fifty dollars is dear.
7. 如果主语由more than one, many a, a/an/oneand a half与名词构成,谓语动词用单数。one and a half+名词复数,谓语动词视名词而定。more than +名词复数或more+名词复数+than one结构后,谓语动词用复数
      eg. ① More than one question was asked at the meeting.
        ② Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
        ③ An apple and a half was eaten.
          (= One and a half apples were eaten.)
        One and a half years has pasd. (整体概念)
    8. 代词作主语时:
    (1)表示数量的不定代词much, little作主语时,谓语动词用单数;many,(a)few, both, veral作主语时,谓语动词用复数
        eg. Much of our food comes from plants.
            Only the few are likely to enjoy the music.
    (2)such, the same起指示代词作用时,谓语动词根据其所指内容决定单复数(意义一致)。
        eg. ① Such is our plan.
            ② Such are his words.
    (3)most (of), none (of), some (of), all (of) 作主语时,谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。一般来说,all指人时,谓语动词用复数;指事情时谓语动词用单数
        eg All are right.(所有人都身体健康)
            All is right.(一切进展顺利)
    4each (of), either (of), neither (of), the other, another,以及some, every, any, no+thing, body,one构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数(主语为none,谓语动词现多用复数,也可用单数)
          each放在代词后面作同位语,谓语动词由代词决定。
advid          eg. We each have a reference book.
    (5)关系代词who, which, that等在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的数与先行词的数保持一致。
        eg. Tho who want to go plea sign your name here.
(6)疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词根据说话人要表达的意思决定单复数(意义一致)。
    eg. Which is (are) your books?
  9. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语时:
    (1)a (great) number of, many, a few+可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数;(a) little, much, a great deal of+不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数triumphantly。
      注:A. a (large) quantity of +可数名词复数或不可数名词,谓语动词的形式通常视of后名词的具体情况而定, 该名词是不可数名词时谓语用单数形式, 该名词时复数可数名词时谓语通常要采用复数形式;(large) quantities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数
          B. a large/great amount/sum of +不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;large/great amounts/sums of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数
    (2)表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, ries(单数、复数形式同形)species(单数、复数形式同形), ton, meter等与of连用构成主语时,由of之前表示“种类计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式a portion/pile/panel (组)/committee/board of +可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数
        如: a kind /sort/type of, this kind /sort/type of+名词单/复数,谓语动词用单数; the/tho kind(s) /sort(s)/type(s) of+名词复数, 谓语动词用复数; what kind of+名词单数,谓语动词用单数;what kinds of+名词单数,谓语动词用复数
          eg. There has been a whole ries of accidents on the stretch of road recently. (最近在这一段路上发生了一连串事故)
colton(3)the number of +可数名词复数,the amount of +不可数名词,

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