sbl摘要
兽欲效率问题由来已久,如何评价一个人的工作效率、如何评价一个企业的生产效率、如何评价一个政府的办事效率等等,这些问题时常出现在我们的日常生活中。效率评价一直以来都是个人、企业乃至全社会中的关键任务。效率通常是指如何以尽量少的投入获得尽量多的产出或产品。在政治经济学中,效率定义为资源分配的一种理想状态,在资源分配的过程中,在没有使任何人境况变坏的前提下,使得至少一个人变得更好,从而达到帕累托最优。本文所涉及的效率,仅仅指技术效率,即衡量在现有生产技术水平的前提下,等量的投入水平所创造的产出水平和生产前沿面的距离。
学术界关于效率的研究方法有很多种,本文的主要研究方法是数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)。数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)是一种用于评价包含多投入、多产出指标体系决策单元(Decision Making Unit, DMU)效率的评价方法。DEA方法由Charnes, Cooper 和Rhodes于1978首次提出,该方法一经提出立刻被众多学者广泛推广应用于医院、酒店、高校、奥运会等不同领域,并逐渐发展成为集应用数学、经济学、运筹学、管理科学交叉研究的一个新的科学学科。
网络DEA是指网络结构下的系统效率分析。传统DEA方法把决策单元看成一个“黑箱”,不考虑决策单元的系统构成,忽视系统中子过程之间效率的相互影响,以及子过程效率对系统整体效率的影响。然而现
ancestor是什么意思实中各种生产运作过程往往具有网络系统的复杂性。所谓网络系统指的是一种包含子系统(sub-system)的决策系统(system)。网络DEA模型一方面可以用于解决复杂系统评价过程中存在的问题,另一方面也可以把DEA评价系统的“黑箱”打开。网络DEA的出现,使得DEA方法可以更加深入地分析系统中各个环节的运作绩效以及各系统环节之间的相互影响,提高效率分析精确度。
本文的研究对象主要是包含子系统的决策系统。系统构成会有多种不同的方式,本文选取最为常见的链式系统和并行式系统进行研究。本文的第一章为综述、第二章介绍链式系统模型、第三章介绍并行式系统模型、第四章为总结与展望。本文分别对链式系统和并行式系统提出新的效率评价模型。本文以烟草行业为例进行了实证研究。本文提出的分析模型更加切合企业实际状况。本文的研究对于实例中企业效率的改善具有一定的现实意义。
本文的主要创新点有(1)建立针对链式网络结构的DEA效率评价模型;(2)建立针对并式网络结构的DEA效率评价模型;(3)分析系统中各个子过程之间的效率关系,以及子过程效率对系统效率的影响;(4)实证分析(针对烟草企业,
提出合理化建议)。
关键词
oursky效率评价数据包络分析网络DEA 子系统链式系统并行式系统
ABSTRACT
Efficiency is a deep-rooted problem, how to evaluate a person's work efficiency and how to evaluate a enterpri production efficiency, how to evaluate a government efficiency and so on, the problems often appear in our daily life. Efficiency evaluation has long been a man, enterpri and even the whole society the key tasks. Efficiency usually refers to how to obtain the less as far as possible put as much as possible output or products. In political economics, the efficiency of resource allocation defined as a kind of ideal, in resource allocation process, in no circumstances make anyone under the premi of bad, make at least one better, thus achieves pareto optimality. This paper involves the efficiency, only refers to the technical efficiency measure, namely in the existing manufacturing technology level premi, the same amount of investment level created the output level and production frontier distance.
Academics on the efficiency of rearch in many ways, this paper main rearch method is Data Envelopment Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), order. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Data Envelopment order is a kind of ud to evaluate contains many inputs and outputs index system Decision Making Decision Making units (Unit, DMU) efficiency evaluation method. DEA method by Charnes Rhodes in 1978, Cooper and prented first, this method is put forward by many scholars i
mmediately widely applied in hospitals, hotels, universities, the Olympic Games in different fields, and gradually developed into t applied mathematics, economics, operations rearch, management science crossover study of a new scientific disciplines.
Network DEA refers to the network structure system efficiency analysis. Traditional DEA method put decision unit as a "black box", do not consider decision unit the system structure, ignore system between neutron process, and the mutual influence the efficiency of system subprocess efficiency the influence of overall efficiency. However reality various production process often have network system of complexity. The so-called network system refers to a sub - system containing subsystem (the decision-making system (system). Network DEA model can be ud to solve the complex system on the problems existing in the process of evaluating, on
the other hand can also put DEA evaluation system of "black box" open. The emergence of network DEA, making the DEA method can more in-depth analysis system of various links operation performance as well as various system link the interaction between, improve efficiency analysis accuracy.
This paper is mainly includes the rearch object of subsystem decision system. System structure wi
ipad2发布会
ll have many different ways, this paper lects the most common chain system and parallel type system for rearch. This paper reviewed the first chapter, the cond chapter prents for chain system model, the third chapter prents parallel type system model, the fourth chapter for sum and prospect. This paper respectively on chain system and parallel type system propod new efficiency evaluation model. Bad on the tobacco industry as an empirical rearch. This paper puts forward the analysis model of enterpri practice. More suit This rearch for example enterpri the improvement of the efficiency has certain practical significance.
animal是什么意思
This paper main innovations have (1) establish the DEA for chain network structure efficiency evaluation model.(2) establishing the network structure and type according to DEA efficiency asssment model.(3) analysis system of various subprocess efficiency of the relationship, and between the efficiency of system son process efficiency influences;(4) the empirical analysis (on tobacco enterpri, put forward rational Suggestions).
Key words:Efficiency evaluation Data envelopment analysis Network DEA Subsystem Chain-like system Parallel-like system
bais
第1章绪论
1.1 效率的概念和效率评估方法
1.1.1 效率的概念国庆节的英文
长期以来,生产效率分析一直是管理科学界与经济学界共同关注的一个研究领域 (Forsund and Saragoglou, 2002)。效率的概念,在经济学意义上往往被定义为以尽可能少的投入消耗,创造尽可能多的产出和产品。在《政治经济学教程》一书中,帕累托给出了关于效率的一个被广泛接受的定义:“效率是指资源分配的一种理想状态,假定固有的一群人和可分配的资源,从一种分配状态到另一种状态的变化中,在没有使任何人境况变坏的前提下,使得至少一个人变得更好,这就是最优资源配置,也是有效率的资源配置”。
牛津小学英语3b关于效率的概念有很多种,本文研究的对象是技术效率。技术效率的概念以及测量方法最早是由Farrell以及Afriat提出的,在他们的研究中,技术效率是由前沿生产能力的概念所诠释的。所谓前沿生产能力指的是,在投入水平一定的条件下,产出水平所能够达到的最大水平;或者是在产出水平一定的条件下,投入水平所能够达到的最小水平。因而技术效率的测量就是衡量在现有生产技术水平的前提下,等量的投入水平所创造的产出水平和生产前沿面的距离:如果产出水平落在生产前沿面上,则表明技术效率值为1,即现有的技术效率得到有效的发挥;如果产出水平未能够达到生产前沿面的水平,则表明技术效率值为1,即现有的技术效率没有能够得到有效的发挥,生产系统对技术的掌握和发挥不足导致了产出水平的低下。
1.1.2 效率评估方法
好看的德国电影效率评估的方法有很多种,但是主要可以归纳为两类:定性评估方法和定量评估方法。由于方法的通用性和客观性,在现实评价工作中,定量评估方法的推广、应用更为广泛,下面我们就其中一些常用的定量评估方法进行简单的介绍:(1)比值评估法,该方法是通过简单计算一组投入指标数据和与其相对应的产出指标数据的比值,来实现效率的评估的。是最简单、基础的评估方法,仅仅适合评价单一投入、产出指标的生产系统,无法应用于包含多投入、多产出的