增词法
增译法 amplification
试译以下句⼦：
江畔独步寻花的诗意是什么1．I’m looking forward to the holidays.
我期待着假期的到来。
2．She bought a Shanghai last week. 上周她买了⼀辆上海牌汽车。
3．After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.
在观看⾜球赛之后，他有⼀个重要会议要参加。
4．We can learn what we did not know. 我们能够学到原来不懂的东西。
5．I could knit when I was ven.
我七岁时就会织⽑⾐。
6．Some metals are easy to machine; others are not.
⼀些⾦属容易加⼯，⽽另⼀些⾦属却不容易。
7．我不爱喝饮料。
I don’t like soft drinks.
8．⼈和动物不同。
Man is different from other animals. 定义：增译法就是在翻译时根据意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加原⽂中虽⽆其词但有其义的⼀些词，使得译⽂忠实表达原⽂的信息与风格并使译⽂合乎表达习惯。
增译的部分在原⽂中虽找不出对应词语，但为了忠实传达原⽂信息，译⽂必须增加。
增词的情况有很多种，但总的规则是使译⽂忠于原⽂。
(⼀)增补量词
在汉语中，量词除了具有与数词词组的组合功能外，还具有表⼀功能和概括功能。
a pen an airplane a pig a hor
1. Benny had a one-chair barbershop in
the neighborhood.
⽐尼在那⼀带开了⼀家只有⼀张椅⼦的理发店。
远足是什么意思
汉语中⽤来与动词组合的动量词，如遍、回、顿等，多数是英语中没有的，在翻译时可以根据具体情况加在动词的后⾯。2. I was extremely worried about her, but
this was neither the place nor the
time for a lecture or an argument. 我替她担⼼得要命，可是此时此地既不宜教训她⼀番，也不宜跟她争论⼀通。
3． Mr. Parson coughed. 帕森先⽣咳了⼀声。
upstairs
有些汉语量词修辞名词时，还具有特殊的审美功能。
A crescent moon ⼀钩新⽉ a red sun ⼀轮红⽇
4． A stream was winding its way through the valley and into the rivers.
⼀弯溪⽔蜿蜒流过⼭⾕，汇⼊江河。(⼆)补⾜语⾔结构
Ａ增加动词
1)After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.
在观看⾜球⽐赛之后，他得参加⼀个重要会议。
2）I’m looking forward to the holidays.我期待着假期的到来。
teleprenceＢ增加名词
A. 英语中⼀些不及物动词，在汉语中为及
物动词，汉译时必须加上宾语使其意义完整。
3) I could knit when I was ven.
我七岁时就会织⽑⾐。
4）First you borrow, then you beg.
头⼀遭借钱，下⼀遭就讨饭。
5）He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.. 他想学习，增加知识，也愿意把⾃⼰的知识教给别⼈。
6) The latest type of the TVR system is light, inexpensive and easy to manipulate.
这种最新型的电视录像装置分量轻，价格低，操作简便。
B. 某些由动词或形容词派⽣出来的抽象名词，翻译时有时要加上适当字，使之具体化译出。
英语中⽤表⽰⼀种状态、现象、⼼情、作风、制度等意思的抽象名词
7）Perfect preparation is the first step to the success of the party.
完美的准备⼯作是…
8）The intimacy between them can be found at the first sight.
他们之间的亲密关系⼀眼就能看出。
9）The government are discussing the proposal.
政府官员们正在讨论这项提案。
10）The tensions between the two countries cannot be ead without sincere and honest communication.
除⾮进⾏真诚公开的交流，否则不能缓解两国间的紧张局势/关系。
11）Much of our morality is customary.
我们⼤部分的道德观念都有习惯性。12）We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency.
我们取得⼀些成就，但要防⽌⾃满情绪。
（三）补⾜语法结构
在英语中，动词时态和名词的复数含义往往在词语本⾝的曲折变化上；⽽汉语则是通过相应的词语（助词，副词等），因此翻译时，要根据具体情况⽤增词⽅法。
13）I treated you as my brother, but not now.
我曾经把你当作兄弟，但现在不了。14）Britain’s railway system is being improved.
英国的铁路系统⽇臻完善。
15）I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it ems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.原来我以为这不过是⼀种亲热的表⽰，但是现在看来，这是为了闻⼀闻⽺羔的味道，断定是不是⾃⼰⽣的。
16）I notice d that you ud “walked”, in the park instead of “walk”, just now, but it can not be true.
我注意到刚才说你已经在公园⾥散过步⽽不是还没有，但这不可能。
复数意义可以通过增添汉语助词，量词概括性词语以及副词、形容词等来体现。
The Johnsons 约翰逊⼀家
the Qing emperors 清朝历代皇帝
17) When the bell rang, students ran out
of the classroom.
铃⼀响，学⽣们就纷纷跑出了教室。
18）Tom boasts that he can get rid of difficulties successfully.
汤姆⾃吹能成功解决种种困难。
口语老师19)）The lion is the king of animals.
狮⼦是百兽之王。
20）The very earth trembled as with the tramps of hors and murmur of angry men. 连⼤地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。（四）增加副词
21) During the meeting, Tom kept
murmuring about his salary.
开会期间，汤姆喋喋不休地念叨着他的
⼯资。
22）Vichy was an energetic student who labored at her disrtation on a little-known 14th century poet.
维基精⼒充沛，孜孜不怠地撰写她那篇
论述14世纪⼀位不知名诗⼈的学位论
⽂。
23）You must come back before nine.
Period!
你必须九点前回来。没有什么可商量的
余地。
24）An episode of humor or kindness touches and amus him here and there.
他不时会碰到⼀两件事，或是幽默得逗
⼈发笑，或是显出⼈⼼忠厚的⼀⾯，使
⼈感动。
25）As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他⼀坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个
不停。
26）He would put up with any affront, he would ignore any rebuff, he would swallow any rudeness to get asked to
担心的英文a party he wanted to go or to make a
connection with some crusty old dowager of great fame.
哪⼀家请客，他想跻⾝被请之列，或者
哪⼀个⼤名⿍⿍但是有名难缠的⽼寡
妇，他想拉拢点关系，就什么都做得出
来：钉⼦照碰，冷⾔冷语照吃，下不了
sprinting的意思
高级口译⾯⼦的地⽅照样下得去。
（五）增补语⽓助词
汉语中有很多语⽓词，如“吧”“吗”“呢”“啦＂等，分别表⽰不同的语⽓⾊彩，这类是英语中所没有的，英译汉时需要适当地加上，以完整地再现原⽂的语⽓。27）Don’t take it riously. I am just making fun of you.
不要当真嘛，我只是开个玩笑吧罢了。28）As for me, I have nothing to say.
我呢，也没有什么可说的了。
29）He becomes extremely excited whenever he talks about his hometown—mountains, waters, flowers, plants, fishes and birds. 他⼀说起家乡来就很兴奋，什么⼭啦，⽔啦，花啦，草啦，鱼啦，鸟啦等等。
30）The eyes were the same color as the a, cheerful and undefeated.
那双眼啊，像海⽔⼀样的颜⾊，愉快，好
不沮丧。yue什么意思
增词法主要是出于三种需要，⼀是语义需要，⼆是修辞需要，三是句法需要。
句法需要主要是针对⼀些省略句。
（六）省略句
31）Courage in excess becomes fool hardiness, affection weakness,
thrift avarice.
勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成
溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
32）Reading makes a full man; conference
a ready man; and writing an exact
tik tok什么意思
man.
读书使⼈充实，讨论使⼈机智，笔记使
⼈准确。
33) They lived there for many years. He
in front of the mountain, she behind
it.
他们住在那⾥已多年了。他住⼭前，她
住⼭后
(七) 修辞性增词
34）There are books and books.
书有种种，好坏不⼀。
35）Ah, but that woman had a tongue!
啊，那⼥⼈的嘴可真厉害。
36）Every one knows that John’s only a fair-weather friend.
⼈⼈皆知约翰是只能同安乐不能共患难
的朋友。
（⼋）其他
37）If he were here.
他要是在这⾥，那就好了。
38）I should like to talk with him.
可能的话，我愿同他谈⼀谈。
39）Suppo the preparatory work should not be completed.
准备⼯作完成不了，那可怎么办？
40）There are two roads for you to choo one: confessing your crimes or refusing to confess them.
你⾯前有两条路，其⼀是坦⽩交代，其
⼆是拒不交代。
41）How long before our smog adds to the
Europe’s problems?
不⽤多久，我们的烟雾问题就会把欧洲
问题弄得更加复杂。
Exerci:
1.Histories makes men wi; poems
witty; the mathematics subtle;
natural philosophy deep; moral grave;
logic and rhetoric able to contend.
2.In the evening, after the banquets the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
3.They had been brought it all at his side—the bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeat—through empty mid-1960s—until at last, in 1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph.
4.Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
5.The Russian government tried its utmost to ea the tension in that
region.
6.Flowers bloom all over the yard.
7.Disappearances occurred with
apparently increasing frequency. 8.I had known two great social
systems.
9.He grew in body and soul.
10.Herb gave her a sly look.
11.Into the dim clouds was swimming a
