⼈教版⾼中英语必修⼀第8讲：Unit4Earthquakes-语法篇（教师版）
Unit4 Earthquakes-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握关系代词引导的定语从句。
定语从句（Ⅰ）——关系代词的⽤法
复合句中修饰主句中某⼀名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先⾏词。它的基本构成：先⾏词+关系词+定语从句。连接先⾏词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系词的主要作⽤是连接主句和从句，同时指代先⾏词，并在从句中充当⼀定的句⼦成分。定语从句⼜分限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, who等；关系副词有when, where, why 等。
其具体⽤法见下表：
1.who指⼈，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Here comes the girl who wants to e you.想见你的那个⼥孩过来了。
Danny is a man who we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该学习的⼀个⼈。
2.whom指⼈，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可⽤who代替。
Ro is the person whom you should look after.罗斯是你应该照顾的⼈。
3.who可修饰⼈，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，who在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person who company produces computers.我认识那个⼈，他的公司⽣产电脑。
4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.中国是⼀个具有悠久历史的国家。
5.that既可指⼈，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上多⽤who，whom指⼈，多⽤which 指物。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的⼈数达⼀百万。
The bag that lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个包是她的。（that指物，作主语）
误区警⽰①关系代词代替先⾏词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
［译］昨天晚上我们看的那部电影⾮常感⼈。
［误］The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very moving.
［正］The film (that/which) we saw last night is very moving.
②关系代词作主语时，不能省略；关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day?
那就是你前⼏天所提到的⼥孩吗？
⼆、只能⽤that⽽不⽤which引导定语从句的情况
1.先⾏词被序数词或形容词最⾼级修饰或先⾏词本⾝是序数词或形容词最⾼级时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的⾷品。
2.先⾏词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
All that can be done has been done.⼀切能做的都已经做了。
3.先⾏词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
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The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.
她唯⼀能做的事就是去求助警察。
学法点拨：以上三种情况有⼀个共同特点，就是先⾏词或先⾏词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯⼀”或者“全部”概念，以致⽆法作出“选择”。因为关系代词which原来也是疑问代词，表⽰“哪⼀个”，含有选择意味，所以，⽤that引导万⽆⼀失。
4.先⾏词既有⼈⼜有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的⼈和事。
5.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most uful for my writing?
你买的书中哪⼀本对我写作最有⽤？
6.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。
He isn’t the boy that he ud to be.他不再是过去的男孩了。
三、只能⽤which⽽不⽤that引导定语从句的情况
四级成绩短信查询1.引导⾮限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.⾜球，⼀项⾮常有趣的运动，在全世界得到了普及。
2.当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the hou in which he once lived.这就是他曾经住过的房⼦。
3.当先⾏词本⾝就是that时。
That which you told him about is what we want to know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中⼀句的关系词是that，那么另⼀句的关系词就需⽤which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的⼩说。
四、as引导定语从句即兴演讲
1.as⽤作关系代词，既可指⼈，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常⽤在as..., as..., as...as...等句型中，as不能省略。
Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.认识汤姆的⽼师都认为他聪明。
I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你的⼀样的词典。
误区警⽰当先⾏词被such, the same修饰时，也可⽤that引导定语从句，但指同⼀物，⽽不是同⼀类。
This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.
这就是两个⽉前我丢的那辆⾃⾏车。（同⼀辆⾃⾏车）
⽐较：This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.
这辆⾃⾏车像两个⽉前我丢的那辆。（相像的⾃⾏车）
2.as与which都可作为着关系代词引导⾮限制性定语从句，代表主句的整个内容，区别如下：
as引导的⾮限制性定语从句
1) 位置灵活，可以置于主句的句⾸、句中或句末；
2) 先⾏词不可是⼀个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；
3) 有“正如、像”等意思，表依据、评论、态度、看法等；如：
a. This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can e.像任何⼈都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。
b. He failed in the exam, as we had expected.
c. Tom has pasd the test, as everybody knows. 正如每个⼈所了解的那样，汤姆通过了考试。
4) 常⽤以下谓语动词的主、被动语态：know, e, say, expect, imagine, hope, believe, announce, suggest, report, point out…,
例：
a.主动（做宾）：as we all know, as you know, as everybody knows; as you e, as we can e, as we have en, as anybody can e; as was expected; as we can imagine, as we have imagined…
b. 被动（做主）：as is known to everybody, as is known to all; as has been expected; as is often the ca (with …), as has been pointed out, as is usual with, as is reported in the newspaper…
a) He is an honest man, as is known to all.
b) As is often the ca with young people, he was overconfident.
简介英文2. which引导⾮限制性定语从句
1) 只能置于句中或句末（即不可置于句⾸，只能置于先⾏词之后）；
2) 先⾏词即可是⼀个词，也可是整个主句或主句的部分内容；是整个主句时，从句谓语动词⽤三单。
a. He ems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upts me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这
使我⼼烦。
3. 互换条件：
1) ⾮限定从中的as表依据评论，which表事实状态等，但差别不⼤时可互换。
2) 注意位置：which引导的⾮限制性定语从句不能置于句⾸。例如：
As can be en from his skin, he must be from Africa.
=He must be from Africa, which/as can be en from his skin.
例1.(2015·湖南⾼考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as
C. that
D. which
解析：根据分析，此句是⼀个⾮限制性定语从句，先⾏词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以⽤关系代词引导。As引导⾮限定性定语从句时要放在句⾸，故排除，选⽤which。句意：这真是⼀个令⼈愉快的地⽅，这⾥的蜿蜒的⼩路和美丽的⼩村庄⼀定和100年前看起来是⼀模⼀样的。由此可知本题答案。
答案：D
例2.(2015·重庆⾼考) He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the1990s.
A. whom
B. which
C. them
D. that
解析：本句所表达的句意为：他写了许多⼉童书籍，⼏乎⼀半在1990年左右出版。先⾏词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。答案为B
例3.(2015·四川⾼考)The books on the desk, _________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A．which B. what C. who D. that
解析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先⾏词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封⾯。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封⾯闪闪发光。
答案：C
例4(2015·福建⾼考)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. Which
rainy
解析：考查⾮限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是⼀个⾮限制性定语从句。⾸先That不能引导⾮限制性定语从句，who在引导⾮限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指⼈，⽽whom也指⼈，却只能做宾语。Which 引导⾮限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前⾯的中国⽇报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国⽇报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的⼈想要了解中国。
答案：D
例5.(2015·江苏⾼考)The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it
B. which
C. what
D. as
解析：本句所表达的句意为：据报道，吸烟者⼈数仅（过去）⼀年就减少了17%。as引导的⾮限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句⾸、句中或句末，指代的是整个⼀句话。故⽤as。容易误选B项which，把逗号前⾯的the number of smokers 看成先⾏词，后⾯⾮限制性定语从句⽤which引导。殊不知，这⾥关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”
整个⼀句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代⼀句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这⼀常⽤结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
例 6.(2015?安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it
B. that
C. who
D. which
解析：横线后的句⼦是对reading进⾏修饰限定，所以本句横线后句⼦是⼀定语从句，先⾏词为reading。所给的四个选项中it 不可以引导定语从句，⽽横线前有介词所以不可⽤that，who引导定语从句后要有名词，可知此处只能⽤引导词which。
答案：D
deadlines基础演练
⼀．单项选择
smarty1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
2. Plea pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black in the book shelf.
A. which
B. its
C. that
D. who
2007年6月四级真题
3. —Is this the muum ____ you visited the other day.
—I have no idea.
A. that
圣诞节音乐B. who
C. to which
D. the one
4. This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
绯闻女孩第三季百度影音
5. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
