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Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloy Parts
1.SCOPE:1.1
Purpo:
This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (urs) or their vendors or subcontractors, of parts (See 8.4.1). It also covers heat treatment by warehous or distributors converting raw material from one temper to another temper (See 8.8). It covers the following aluminum alloys:
1100, 2004, 2014, 2017, 2024, 2098, 2117, 2124, 2219, 2224, 3003, 5052, 6013, 6061, 6063, 6066, 6951, 7049, 7050, 7075, 7149, 7178, 7249, 74751.1.1
This specification may be ud for heat treatment of parts made from other alloys provided the temperature, temperature uniformity tolerances, times, and quenchants are specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization (See 8.4.9).
1.2Castings and parts made from castings shall be heat treated in accordance with AMS 2771.1.3
Temper Conversion:
When a warehou, distributor or similar organization converts raw material to a different temper, it shall be heat treated and tested to the requirements of this specification. The marking, testing and reporting requirements shall also be in accordance with AMS 2772 and the raw material specification.
2.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:
The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purcha order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subquent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been canceled and no superding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.
AEROSPACE MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION
AMS 2770G
Issued JAN 1989Revid
APR 2003
Superding AMS 2770F
2.1SAE Publications:
Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.
AMS 2658Hardness and Conductivity Inspection of Wrought Aluminum Alloy Parts
AMS 2750Pyrometry
AMS 2771Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Castings
AMS 2772Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Materials
AMS 3025Polyalkylene Glycol Heat Treat Quenchant
ARP1962Training and Approval of Heat-Treating Personnel
2.2ASTM Publications:
Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2759 or
www.astm.
ASTM D 445Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
3.TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:
3.1Equipment:
3.1.1Pyrometry: Shall conform to AMS 2750.
3.1.2Furnaces:
3.1.2.1Heating Media: Shall be air, molten salt bath, oil bath, or fluidized bed. The products of
combustion and other materials that could contaminate parts shall not come into contact with
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parts during solution heat treating, annealing or stress relieving. Electrical heating elements and radiant tubes shall be shielded to prevent parts from being expod to direct radiation. Shield
construction and placement shall be such as to prevent parts from being expod to re-radiation of heat from electrical elements or radiant tubes. Composition and maintenance of salt baths and fluidized beds shall be such as to prevent attack of the parts.
3.1.2.2Solution Heat Treating Furnaces: All furnaces ud for solution heat treating shall be tested for
temperature uniformity according to the requirements of AMS 2750 and shall meet a ±10 °F
(±6°C) uniformity tolerance.
3.1.2.3Aging Furnaces: All furnaces ud for aging shall be tested for temperature uniformity according
to the requirements of AMS 2750 and shall meet a ±10 °F (±6 °C) uniformity tolerance except
furnaces ud for the cond step age of the T7X temper of 7049, 7149, or 7050 alloys shall
meet a ±5 °F (±3 °C) uniformity tolerance.
3.1.2.4
Annealing and Stress Relieving Furnaces: All furnaces ud for annealing and stress relieving shall be tested for temperature uniformity according to the requirements of AMS 2750 and, after stabilization at a t temperature shown in Figure 7, the temperature of all test thermocouples shall be within ±25 F (±14 C) degrees of the t temperature ud.
3.1.2.5
Temperature Uniformity Test Recovery Requirements (See 8.4.1.1): For all solution heat treat and aging furnaces, the lag time between recovery of the first test thermocouple and the last test thermocouple to within 10 °F (6 °C), or 5 °F (3 °C) as applicable, of the t temperature during furnace uniformity tests shall not exceed the following:3.1.2.5.1Furnaces Tested Without a Load: 20 minutes.3.1.2.5.2Furnaces Tested With a Load: 40 minutes.
3.1.2.6Furnaces Ud for Alclad Material: Heat input of furnaces ud for solution heat treating of parts made from alclad product shall be sufficient to ensure conformance to 3.3.
4.
3.1.3Racks and Fixtures: Shall be constructed so as to preclude entrapment of water, molten salt and/or water/polymer solutions.3.1.4Quenching Equipment:
出国留学要准备什么3.1.
4.1
Equipment shall be provided for quenching in water, and/or water/polymer solutions, and for measuring quenchant temperature. Provisions shall be made for mechanical or hydraulic
agitation of the quenching medium and/or agitation of the parts and for heating and cooling of the quenchant, as necessary to conform to 3.4.2 and 3.4.3. Air agitation shall not be ud.
3.1.
4.2Quench tanks shall be located in proximity to solution heat treating furnaces so that the quench delay requirements of Figure 4 can be met.
网页设计培训3.1.
4.3The quenchant volume shall be sufficient to prevent the quench tank temperature from rising more than permitted in 3.4.3 during quenching with a maximum load.
3.1.5
Refrigeration Equipment: Refrigerators, dry ice boxes, or liquid baths shall be provided for cold storage of parts when retention of the as-quenched (AQ) temper is required. Refrigerators, dry ice boxes with fans and liquid baths shall be equipped with a temperature recorder. Refrigerators shall be capable of temperature recovery to within 5 °F (3 °C) of the t temperature within twenty minutes of door closing after inrtion or removal of parts.
3.2General Procedures:
3.2.1
Parts requiring a heat treatment to produce a final “T” temper shall be solution heat treated (including quenching), refrigerated when necessary, and aged when required, as specified herein (See 8.8). Heat treatment shall be performed only on entire parts, never on a portion or ction of a part.
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3.2.2Cleaning: Prior to solution heat treating or annealing, parts shall be clean and visually free of
contaminants such as dirt, metal residues, lubricants and solvent residues. Residue from heating and quenching media shall be removed from parts after any heat treatment step.
3.2.3Racking and Spacing:
3.2.3.1Parts, except rivets and other small parts (See 3.2.3.2), shall be racked or supported to permit
free access of the heating and quenching media to all surfaces of parts in all portions of the load.
3.2.3.1.1Solution Heat Treating: Parts, 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) and under in nominal thickness, shall be
parated by not less than 1 inch (25 mm). Thicker parts shall be parated by at least 1 inch
(25 mm) plus the part thickness. (Complex parts and parts of large plan form (See 8.4.12) may
require greater paration.)
3.2.3.1.2Aging, Annealing and Stress Relieving: Parts shall be parated by not less than 1 inch
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(25mm) except thin parts may be nested providing thickness of nested stacks does not exceed
1 inch (25 mm) and stacks are at least 1 inch (25 mm) apart.
大英百科全书软件3.2.3.2Rivets and Other Small Parts: May be heated and soaked in baskets or in continuous furnaces.
Arrangement in baskets may be either orderly or random. Parts may touch but shall not be
nested; free access of the quench media to most surfaces must be maintained. Maximum
thickness of layers of rivets or parts in baskets, and minimum space between layers, shall be 2
inches (51 mm).
3.2.4Salt Entrapment: Parts that can entrap salt shall be racked so as to preclude salt entrapment. If
salt entrapment cannot be precluded, parts shall not be solution heat treated in a salt bath.
3.2.5Soaking:
3.2.5.1Start of Soaking Time: Soaking time starts when all temperature control nsors reach the
minimum of the uniformity tolerance range specified in 3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3 or 3.1.2.4 as applicable.
Load nsors should not be ud to determine start of soaking time. (See 8.3)
3.2.5.2Soaking Times: The minimum soaking time shall be bad on furnace control nsor(s) and, for
solution heat treating, shall conform to Figure 2 bad on the thickness (minimum dimension of
the heaviest ction) at the time of heat treatment (See 8.5). The minimum soaking times for the
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cond step of 7475 solution heat treatment are fifteen minutes for alclad and sixty minutes for
bare product. For all alclad products, the maximum soaking time is ten minutes longer than the
minimum.
3.2.5.3Interruptions: During solution heat treatment, soaking shall be performed without interruption.
During aging, annealing, stress relieving, and heat treatment to the O1 (formerly T411) temper, a
maximum of four interruptions, with doors open for not more than two minutes during each, is
permissible for removal or loading of parts. Door opening durations greater than two minutes are
permitted provided the time between the door opening and recovery of furnace temperature is
not included in the total time.
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3.3Solution Heat Treating - Heating and Soaking:
3.3.1Temperature: Parts that require solution heat treatment shall be soaked at the temperature
specified in Figure 1.hijack
3.3.2Furnace Temperature Stabilization:
3.3.2.1For air furnace loads where the previous load was at a higher t temperature, or the prior
temperature uniformity test was in a loaded furnace, furnaces shall be stabilized at the new t temperature before loading parts.
3.3.2.2If the prior temperature uniformity test was in an unloaded furnace, furnace loads of non-clad
material may be loaded in a cold furnace or furnace who previous t temperature was below the new t temperature.
3.3.2.3For parts made from alclad material, furnaces shall be stabilized at the t temperature before
loading parts.
3.3.3Prevention of Hydrogen Induced Porosity: Entrapped water shall be prevented from entering the
furnace. Ammonium fluoborate, or equivalent, should be ud in air furnaces as necessary,
however, purging the furnace with fresh air may be necessary to prevent discoloration of
subquent loads of parts made from alclad product.
3.3.4Recovery Time for Alclad Parts: For solution heat treating of parts made from alclad product under
0.125 inch (3.18 mm) thick, the furnace recovery time shall not exceed 30 minutes and for parts
made from heavier Alclad product, shall not exceed 60 minutes.
3.3.5Multiple Solution Heat Treatments of Alclad Product: Parts made from product over 0.125 inch
(3.18 mm) in nominal thickness shall be limited to two solution heat treatments in addition to any byjuice怎么读
the material producer. Parts made from product 0.020 to 0.125 inch (0.51 to 3.18 mm) in nominal thickness, shall be limited to one additional solution heat treatment in addition to any by the raw material producer. For parts made from product under 0.020 inch (0.51 mm) in nominal thickness, additional solution heat treatments are prohibited.
3.4Solution Heat Treating - Quenching:
3.4.1Following completion of the required soaking, parts shall be quenched by immersion in water or in
a water/polymer solution conforming to the requirements of Figure 3, except where the u of
alternate quenched media is allowed for 6xxx ries alloy parts per 3.4.6. Parts are in the AQ
(as-quenched) temper immediately after quenching (See 8.4.7)
3.4.2Quenchant Temperature: At the start of quench, quenchant temperature shall not exceed 90 °F
mule(32°C) except when water quenching parts made from forgings. When quenching parts made from forgings, the start of quench water temperature shall conform to Table 1.--` -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---
