基础医学与临床
Basic & Clinical Medicine
June 2021
Vol.41 No.6
2021年6月 第41卷第6期
文章编号:1001-6325 ( 2021) 06-0885-05 临床研究
常规CT 扫描中尿酸结石与非尿酸结石的区别
刘欢▽,杨学东1,石凤祥-吴哲2J,孙昊2*
*,金征宇2收稿日期:2020- 07-08 修回日期:2020- 09- 02
* 通信作者(corresponding author) :sunhao_robert@
(1.中国中医科学院广安门医院放射科,北京100053; 2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院放射科,北京100730;
3.抚顺市中心医院放射科,辽宁抚顺113006)
摘要:目的通过测量结石的CT 值、大小、密度是否均匀以及结石与肾脏CT 值比、身体宽度,找出用常规CT 预测
尿酸结石的方法。方法 共入组尿酸结石50例,非尿酸结石60例,患者在常规CT 扫描检出结石后,通过双能量CT
区分出尿酸结石与非尿酸结石,选取的结石长径均>7 mm,由一名影像医师在不知道结石成分的情况下,对入组的 患者进行数据采集,采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计分析,通过独立样本t 检验、卡方检验、受试者工作特征曲线
(ROC)评价各指标的预测价值。结果尿酸结石与非尿酸结石的CT 值有统计学意义(P<0.01),结石大小、密度是
否均匀也具有统计学意义(P<0.05)o 用结石CT 值诊断尿酸结石具有较高的预测价值,AUC = 0.948,灵敏度94%,
特异度85% ;根据ROC 曲线,以CT 值730 HU 为阈值诊断尿酸结石,其阳性预测值83. 9%,阴性预测值94. 4%,准
确度80.1%。结石的大小也具有一定预测价值,AUC = 0.63,灵敏度36%,特异度88. 3%;根据ROC 曲线以结石平 均径>1& 05 mm 诊断尿酸结石,其阳性预测值72%,阴性预测值62. 4%,准确度64. 5%o 以结石CT 值730 HU 为阈
值且结石密度均匀预测尿酸结石,其特异度100%,阳性预测值100% o 结论常规CT 通过测量结石CT 值、平均径 大小、密度是否均匀以鉴别尿酸结石与非尿酸结石具有较高价值,当结石CT 值与结石密度是否均匀结合考虑时,
则诊断尿酸结石的特异度、阳性预测值明显增高。
关键词:尿酸结石;常规CT ;双能量CT ;结石CT 值;结石密度是否均匀中图分类号:R816.7
文献标志码:A
Difference between uric acid stones
and non-uric acid stones in conventional CT scanning
LIU Huan 1'2, YANG Xue-dong 1, SHI Feng-xiang 1, WU Zhe 2'3, SUN Hao 2* , JIN Zheng-yu 2
(1. Department of Radiology , Guang'anmen Hospital , China Academy of Chine Medical Sciences , Beijing 100053 ;
widget2. Department of Radiology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Peking Union Medical College & Chine Academy of Medical Sciences ,
Beijing 100730;3. Department of Radiology , Fushun Central Hospital , Fushun 113006, China)
Abstract : Objective To investigate methods for predicting uric acid stones with conventional CT by measuring the
戴西
CT value of stones , mean diameter size, density of stones , stone to kidney CT value ratio , and body width.
Methods Patients underwent conventional CT scanning and were diagnod postoperatively before uric acid stones
pacific standard timeand non-uric acid stones were detected by dual-energy CT. A total of 50 patients with uric acid stones and 60 pa
tients with non-uric acid stones were enrolled , and after stones were detected by conventional CT scan , uric acid stones and non-uric acid stones were distinguished by dual-energy CT. The lected stones were > 7 mm in long
886
基础医学与临床 Basic & Clinical Medicine
2021.41(6)
diameter. Data acquisition was performed on enrolled patients by a radiologist blinded to stone composition. The pre dictive value of each index was evaluated by independent sample t test, chi-square test, and receiver operating
characteristic curve ( ROC ). Results There was great value in distinguishing uric acid stones from non-uric acid
stones in stone CT value (P<0. 01) , significant statistical difference in uniform stones or not and in size (P<
0. 05 ). The CT scan showed a high predictive value for the diagnosis of uric acid stones , with AUC = 0. 948, nsi tivity as 94% ,and specificity as 85%.According to the ROC curve, the CT scaning value of 730 HU was adopted as
the threshold for the diagnosis of uric acid stones , with a positive predictive value of 83. 9%, a negative predictive
value of 94. 4%, and an accuracy of 80. 1%. The size of the stone also had a predictive value , AUC = 0. 63, nsi tivity 36%,and specificity 88. 3%, and the mean diameter of the stone greater than 18. 05 mm was defined as a di agnosis standard of uric acid stones according to the ROC curve , which had a positive predictive value of 72%, a
negative predictive value of 62. 4%, and an accuracy of 64. 5%. Using a stone CT value of 730 HU as the threshold combined with a uniform stone density to predict uric acid stones , its specificity was 100% and the positive predic
tive value was 100%. Conclusions Conventional CT is of high value in differentiating uric acid calculi from non-
uric acid calculi by measuring the mean diameter size and density of calculi ・ When evaluate CT result with or with
out homogenous stone density as the diagnostic criteria , the specificity and positive predictive value of diagnosing u-
ric acid calculi are significandy higher.
Key words : uric acid stones ; conventional CT ; dual-energy CT ; stone CT value ; stone density
泌尿系结石在全世界的发病率逐年提升⑴,其 化学成分包括尿酸、胱氨酸、草酸钙、羟基磷灰石等。 当结石某种化学成分含量>95%,称为单纯结石,含
有两种以上化学成分的结石称为混合性结石。
随着生活水平提高,中国尿酸结石的比例明显增
加⑵勺,治疗前区分尿酸结石与非尿酸结石非常重 要,尿酸结石可以通过碱化和稀释尿液治疗,只有伴 有尿路梗阻或混有较多其他成分时才需要外科治
疗,而非尿酸结石一般都需要多种方法综合治 疗[同。随着CT 技术的快速发展,双能量CT 已经 能够准确区分尿酸结石与非尿酸结石灾],但双能
量CT 的结石成分分析技术并未普及,往往都是通 过常规CT 完成结石的确诊。本研究拟通过在常规
CT 扫描中进行多参数测量,包括结石的CT 值、结
石是否均匀、结石/肾脏CT 值比、结石大小、身体宽
度,以期找出诊断尿酸结石更准确、实用的方法。1材料与方法1.1患者基本资料
在北京协和医院信息系统中搜集2015年10月
至2019年10月经双能量CT 诊断的尿酸结石与非
尿酸结石,选取长径>7 mm 的所有尿酸结石50例,
同期患者随机选取长径>7 mm 的非尿酸结石60例 (表1)。所有患者在双能量CT 检查前均完成常规
CT 检查,结石成分须经泌尿外科术后证实。本研究
中,尿酸结石指的是结石成分是纯尿酸或以尿酸为
主结石,如果结石成分中不含有尿酸或以非尿酸为 主要成分,将其归类为非尿酸结石O
UA. uric acid ; non-UA. non-uric acid ; a Data are number of patients ; b Data are mean±standard deviation and data in parenthes are age ranges
表1
Table 1
入组患者的一般情况
Characteristics of patients
characteristics
total
UA
non-UA x a
11050
60male a
78
41
37
female a
32
9
23
age/ y ear b
52. 34±13.18(18,86)55. 88±11. 82(27,79)动画制作培训
49. 38±13. 62( 18,86)male b 51. 01±12. 51(18,79)55. 12±11. 68(27,79)
despair是什么意思
46. 46±11. 93( 18,68)female b
55. 56±14. 40(24,86)
59. 33±12. 50(30,74)
54. 09± 15. 07(24,86)
刘欢常规CT扫描中尿酸结石与非尿酸结石的区别887
1.2检查方法
采用西门子双源双能量CT(Somatom Definition Flash)进行扫描,检查范围自双肾上极至耻骨联合水平,采用常规平扫、双能量扫描模式。常规平扫球管电压及有效电流分别为100kVp/230mAs,旋转时间0.5s,螺距0.9mm,Kernel D40f中等平滑,准直32mmxO.6mm,扫描厚度为7mm,无间距扫描,扫描数据上传至医生工作站进行数据测量。双源球管电压及有效电流分别为140kVp/178mAs、100kVp/230mAs,开启自动管电流调节,旋转时间0.5s,螺距0.9mm,Kernel B30f中等平滑,准直32mmxO.6mm,ft描厚度为7mm,无间距扫描,重 建层厚及层间距均为1mm o扫描数据重建后上传至西门子Leonardo后处理工作站进行双能量结石成分分析。
resume是什么意思1.3数据采集
常规CT扫描患者发现结石后,对结石进行双能量扫描,通过结石成分分析,区分出尿酸结石与非尿酸结石。
由一名影像医师对入组的结石进行测量,该医师测量前不知道结石的具体成分,测量内容包括结石的CT值、大小、是否均匀,肾脏CT值,并计算患者的身体宽度,身体宽度测量方法为右肾门水平腹部左右径+前后径,观察结石是否均匀需要调节窗宽、窗位,显示结石的内部细节(图l)o
A.stones with uniform density;
B.stones with uneven density
图1通过调节窗宽、窗位显示结石密度是否均匀
Fig1The density of stones can be shown through
adjusting the window width and window
level(x4)
1.4统计学分析
采用SPSS22.0进行统计学分析,通过独立样本t检验、卡方检验、受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评价各指标的预测价值。ROC曲线能够判断某种因素对尿酸结石诊断是否有诊断价值,横坐标X轴为特异性,越接近零准确率越高;纵坐标Y轴为敏感度,越大代表准确率越好。
2结果
纳入患者110例,其中尿酸结石患者50例,非 尿酸结石患者60例。独立样本«检验结果显示,尿酸结石与非尿酸结石的CT值、平均径大小具有统计学差异(PV0.05)。卡方检验结果显示,尿酸结石与非尿酸结石密度是否均匀具有显著差异(Pv 0.05),而与肾脏CT值、身体宽度没有差异。
ROC曲线(图2)显示,尿酸结石与非尿酸结石的CT值有统计学意义(PV0.01),结石大小、密度是否均匀有统计学意义(P<0.05)o结石CT值在预测尿酸结石上具有较高的预测价值,AUC= 0.948,灵敏度94%,特异度85.0%;根据ROC曲线,以CT值730HU为阈值诊断尿酸结石,其阳性预测值83.9%,阴性预测值94.4%,准确度80.1%。结石的大小也具有一定的预测价值,AUC=0.63,灵敏度36.0%,特异度88.3%;根据ROC曲线,以结石平均径>1&05mm诊断为尿酸结石,其阳性预测值72%,阴性预测值62.4%,准确度64.5%。以结石CT值小于730HU且结石密度均匀预测尿酸结石,其特异度100%,阳性预测值100%o
3讨论
泌尿系结石的化学成分有很多种,如尿酸、胱氨酸、草酸钙、短基磷灰石等,而且大多数都为以某种化学成分为主的混合性结石,治疗前识别尿酸结石非常重要冋。
虽然不同化学成分结石的CT值有重叠a】】,但区分尿酸结石与非尿酸结石有一定的可行性,李丽超等以CT值550HU为阈值能够区分出大部分的尿酸结石与非尿酸结石[◎⑷,但以上研究没有对结石大小进行限定、CT值不是在患者体内测量。因为当结石较小时,CT无法准确测量其CT值[⑸,仅M 4.3mm的结石才与CT值有显著关系,所以本研究筛选长径大于扫描层厚7mm的结石入组。由于单纯测量CT值诊断尿酸结石的方法比较单一,本研究通过多参数(结石是否均匀、结石大小、身体宽
888
基础医学与临床 Basic & Clinical Medicine
2021.41(6)
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A. ROC curve of CT value in diagnosis of uric acid stones ;
B. ROC curve of average diameter for diagnosis of uric acid stones
图2测畳结石CT 值、平均径大小诊断尿酸结石的ROC 曲线
Fig 2 ROC curve for diagnosis of uric add stones by measurii^ CT value and average diameter of stones
度、肾脏CT 值)的测量比较,探讨尿酸结石与非尿 酸结石的更进一步区别,提高常规CT 诊断尿酸 结石的特异度、阳性预测值,并加深常规CT 在诊 断尿酸结石中的认识。
洋菜本研究共搜集110例患者,尿酸结石50例, 非尿酸结石60例,所有数据测量均在术前患者
体内完成。分析结果提示,用结石CT 值小于
730 HU 可以诊断大部分尿酸为主结石,由于本
研究中入组的尿酸结石大多数为以尿酸为主的 混合性结石,所以设定中的阈值730 HU 比
Spettel 等[⑷学者研究中提出的纯尿酸阈值 550 HU 偏高。尿酸结石的平均径偏大、密度均匀
的较多,以平均径大于18.05 mm 诊断尿酸结石也有 一定参考价值。当以结石CT 值小于730 HU,同时结 石密度均匀诊断尿酸结石,其特异度100%,阳性预
测值100% o
有研究表明内脏脂肪肥胖与尿酸结石密切
相关[⑺,而身体宽度(右肾门水平腹部左右径+ 前后径)可以反映腹型肥胖的程度。本研究结果
显示身体宽度在区分尿酸结石与非尿酸结石上 并没有显著差异。肾脏CT 值并没有统计学差
异,所以结石与肾脏CT 值比的意义与结石CT 值 测量相同。
本研究的优势是尿酸结石样本量大,在患者
体内完成所有数据测量,过程真实还原临床,同 时研究了多个和尿酸结石可能相关的因素。总
之,用结石的CT 值可以诊断大部分尿酸结石,当
结石CT 值与结石密度是否均匀结合考虑时,可 以显著提高诊断尿酸结石的特异度和阳性预测 值,对结石的平均径大小测量也有很好的参考
价值。
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撤稿声明
发表于《基础医学与临床》2014年第11期第1548-1552页的文章(作者:权毅,文题:转铁蛋白修饰共载阿霉素与蔥贝素脂质体的构建及其体外评价),因文章数据不可重复,现予撤稿。
2021-05-10