Designation:F1545–97(Reapproved2009)An American National Standard Standard Specification for
Plastic-Lined Ferrous Metal Pipe,Fittings,and Flanges1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation F1545;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
杭州一协警成网红
1.Scope
1.1This specification covers factory-made plastic-lined fer-rous metal pipe,fittings,andflanges intended primarily for conveying corrosivefluids.Requirements for materials,work-manship,dimensions,design,fabrication,working pressure and temperatures,test methods,qualification requirements,and markings are included.
1.1.1This specification does not define the suitability of different liner materials to various chemical and operating environments.Refer to the manufacturer’s chemical resistance data for suitability recommendations.
1.1.2This specification does not include products coated with plastics.
1.2This specification covers plastic-lined pipe,flanges,and fittings as listed in Table1.Pressure limitations shall be in accordance with ANSI/ASME B16Standards,except reduced pressure limitations may be established by the manufacturer, considering both pressure and temperature limitations of the ferrous metal housing and the aling ability of the liner.
N OTE1—In this specification,propylene plastics cover tho materials defined as both polypropylene plastics and propylene plastics in Termi-nology F412.Both materials are identified as“PP”on the product.Note that this is at variance with Terminology D1600,where“PP”is the abbreviat
ion for polypropylene.
1.3The plastic-linedflanged pipe andfitting asmblies are limited to temperatures shown in Table
fanfare
2.End urs should consult with manufacturers as to the likely result of using a particular lined piping component at temperatures below the rated minimum.
N OTE2—The temperature limitations are bad on noncorrosive test conditions.U in specific aggressive environments may alter temperature limitations.In such instances,specific temperature limits shall be estab-lished by mutual agreement between the purchar and the manufacturer.
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.The values given in parenthes are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its u.It is the responsibility of the ur of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:2
A48/A48M Specification for Gray Iron Castingsturnover
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe,Steel,Black and Hot-Dipped,Zinc-Coated,Welded and Seamless
A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
A106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
A126Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges,and Pipe Fittings
A135Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges,Forged Fittings,and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings,Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding,for High-Temperature Ser-vice
A234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate
and High Temperature Service
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to650°F (350°C)
A312/A312M Specification for Seamless,Welded,and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
A351/A351M Specification for Castings,Austenitic,for Pressure-Containing Parts
A395/A395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for U at Elevated Tempera-tures
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.11on Composite.
Current edition approved Aug.1,2009.Published September2009.Originally approved in1995.Last previous edition approved in2003as F1545–97(2003).
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
A403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stain-less Steel Piping Fittings
A513Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
A536Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
A587Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical Industry
D729Specification for Vinylidene Chloride Molding Com-pounds3
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity(Rela-tive Density)of Plastics by Displacement
D1457Specification for Polytetrafluorethylene(PTFE) Molding and Extrusion Materials3
D1505Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D1600Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2116Specification for FEP-Fluorocarbon Molding and Extrusion Materials
D3159Specification for Modified ETFE-Fluoropolymer Molding and Extrusion Materials
D3222Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)(PVDF)Molding Extrusion and Coating Mate-rials
D3307Specification for Perfluoroalkoxy(PFA)-Fluorocarbon Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials
D4101Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Ex-trusion Materials
D4894Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
D4895Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) Resin Produced From Dispersion
D5575Classification System for Copolymers of Vi-nylidene Fluoride(VDF)with Other Fluorinated Mon
o-mers
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems 2.2ANSI/ASME Standards:
B16.1Cast Iron Pipe Flanges Flanged Fittings4
B16.5Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings4
B16.9Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings4 B16.28Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns
B16.42Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings—Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code4 2.3Manufacturers Standardization Society(MSS)Stan-dard:
MSS SP-43Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings5
3.Terminology
3.1General—The definitions ud are in accordance with Terminologies F412and D1600,unless otherwi indicated.
stonewall
4.Materials
4.1Lining:
4.1.1Material—The lining shall be made from a resin conforming to one of the requirements in Table3.
4.1.2Mechanical Properties—The minimum tensile strength and minimum elongation at break when tested in accordance with the specifications outlined in 4.1.1shall conform to Table4,except the test specimens shall be obtained from extruded or molded liners.Sample orientation is not critical except for PTFE liners made using the paste extrusion process.For paste-extruded PTFE liners,test specimens with their major axis cut longitudinally shall meet the mechanical property criteria listed in Table4,and specimens cut circum-ferentially shall have a minimum tensile strength at break of 2500psi(17.3MPa)and a minimum elongation of200%.
4.1.3Specific Gravity—Specific gravity for polytetrafluoro-ethylene(PTFE)resins,when tested in accordance with Test Methods D792or D1505,shall be as follows:
Lining Material,Resin Type Specific Gravity Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)Types I and
IV
2.14to2.19
Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)Type III 2.13to2.21
4.2Ferrous Pipe and Fittings:
4.2.1Mechanical Properties—The mechanical properties of the pipes andfittings shall conform to the appropriate specifi-cations listed in Table5,except as they are influenced by accepted methods of processing in the industry(for example, Van Stoneflaring,bending,swaging,welding,and threading). The carbon steel pipe and wroughtfittings shall be welded or amless steel,Schedule40or80,except Schedule30pipe may be ud in8,inal size.Schedule20or standard wall may be ud in nominal sizes12in.and larger.
4.2.2Finish—The interior surfaces of all housings shall be clean and free of mold burrs,rust,scale,or other protrusions, which may adverly affect the integrity or performance of the lining.
4.2.3General—All pipe andfitting end connections shall be manufactured to provide a minimum1⁄8-in.radius or chamfer in the transition from pipe wall toflange or lap face.This radius or chamfer is req
uired to reduce stress concentrations in the plastic liner as it isflared or molded over theflange face or stub end.For PTFE-lined pipe andfittings,a1⁄8-in.minimum radius must be provided.A perforated metal collar which ats over theflange chamfer may be ud to provide this required radius.
4.2.4Dimensional—Flanges andfittings ud for plastic-lined pipe shall conform dimensionally(Note3)to the follow-ing industry ferrousflange andfitting dimensional standards: Metallurgy Specification
Steel ANSI B16.5
Ductile iron ANSI B16.42
Cast iron ANSI B16.1
N OTE3—Center-to-face dimensions include the plastic lining.
4.2.5Welding—All metal welding shall be done by welders or welding operators using welding procedures qualified under the provisions of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code (Section IX).
3Withdrawn.The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.
4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY10016-5990, www.asme.
5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry(MSS),127Park St.,NE,Vienna,V A22180-4602,www.mss-
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5.Requirements
5.1Dimensions:
5.1.1Housing—Housing installation dimensions are as re-quired in the applicable material specification in accordance with4.2.4.
5.1.2Plastic Wall Thickness—Pipe andfitting liners shall have a minimum wall thickness and face thickness in accor-dance with Table
romaine6.
5.1.3Lining Flare Diameter—The outside diameter of the flare covering the gasket portion of theflange or the full face of the lap-joint stub end shall not be less than the diameter specified in Table7.Theflared portion of the lining shall be concentric with theflared portion of the pipe within1⁄16in.(1.6 mm).
5.1.4Tolerances—Tolerances for pipe,flanges,andfittings shall be in accordance with Table8.Bolt holes in bothflanges on afixedflange spool shall straddle the same center line to facilitate alignment.Finished lined(plasticflare to plasticflare) fabricatedfittings shall conform to the nominal center-to-face dimensions as specified in ANSI B1
6.1,B16.42,or B16.5 with the applicable tolerances.
5.2Flange Construction:
5.2.1Threadedflanges shall be cured in position to prevent inadvertent turning of theflange.
5.2.2Socket-typeflanges,except threaded,shall be fully back-welded to the pipe housing and the inside surfaces of the socketflanges shall be ground smooth.
5.2.3Slip-onflanges shall be fully back-welded.
N OTE4—No welding shall be done on lined components in thefield.
5.2.4Modified slip-onflanges ud as lap-jointflanges may be ud withflared laps formed byflaring the pipe.The backingflange for theflared metallic lap shall have a1⁄8-in. bevel or1⁄ radius at the bore to provide clearance for thefillet of theflared lap.The outside diameter of theflared lap shall be in accordance with the dimension of an ANSI B1
6.9 lap-joint stub end.
5.2.5Lap-joint(or Van Stone)flanged ends may be manu-factured by standard forming techniques or by using fully welded Type A MSS SP-43or ANSI B1
6.9lap-joint stub ends. Van Stoneflares shall have afillet radius compatible with the corner radius of the matingflange and shall not contain any cracks or buckles.Van Stoneflares and stub ends shall have a radius to provide a smooth transition for the plasticflare.Only lap jointflanges in accordance with ANSI B16.42and B16.5 shall be ud.
5.3Venting—Each pipe andfitting shall be provided with a venting system that will relea any pressu
re between the liner and the housing.
N OTE5—One or more holes in the housing,or a helical groove system inside the housing,that connectsflange vents,has provided adequate venting.
N OTE6—Venting is not required with PVDF,PP,ETFE,or PVDC liners.
5.4Workmanship:
5.4.1Pipe andfittings shall show no evidence of pinholes, porosity,or cracks when inspected in accordance with5.5.2. The linings shallfit snugly inside the pipe andfitting housings.Any bulges or other obvious indications of poor contact with the housing shall be cau for rejection.
5.4.2The gasket ating surface of the lining shall be free of surface defects that could impair aling effectiveness. Scratches,dents,nicks,or tool marks on the ating surface shall not be deeper than10%of the face thickness.
5.5Performance:
5.5.1Qualification—Lined pipe andfittings must be ca-pable of meeting the qualification requirements specified in Section
6.
5.5.2Inspection—Each spool andfitting,prior to shipment, shall be hydrostatically or electrostatically tested in accordance with Section7and shall subquently be inspected visually to verify conformance to the requirements of5.4.
6.Test Methods
6.1High-Temperature Test:
6.1.1Cycle reprentative production samples of lined pipe andfittings in an oven from room temperature to the test temperature of the liner type(Table9)to determine the ability of the lined components to withstand heat aging and tempera-ture cycling.Test a minimum of two pipe spools,tees,and90°elbows in each size.
6.1.2Procedure—Install companionflanges at the manufac-turer’s recommended torque value,and affix a thermocouple in the ferrous housing to measure the temperature.Pipe spools shall be at least3ft(1m)long.After3h in an oven at the test temperature(Table9)as indicated by the thermocouple,air cool the lined components to122°F(50°C)maximum.Repeat this test for a total of three cycles.
6.1.3Inspection—Inspect lined pipe andfittings after each cycle for distortion or cracks in the lining.At the completion of the third cycle,subject tested specimens to the hydrostatic or electrostatic test described in Section
7.
6.2Low-Temperature Test:
6.2.1After the high-temperature test,subject the same parts ud for6.1to a cold test at0°F(−18°C)for a minimum of48
h.New parts may also be ud.
6.2.2Procedure—Install companionflanges at the manufac-turer’s recommended torque value,and affix a thermocouple to the ferrous housing to measure the temperature.Pipe spools shall be at least3ft(1m)long.After48h at or below0°F (−18°C),as indicated by the thermocouple,allow the parts to warm to a minimum of60°F(16°C).
6.2.3Inspection—Inspect lined pipe andfittings for distor-tion or cracks in the lining.Subject tested specimens in the hydrostatic or electrostatic test described in Section
7.
北京工业大学地址6.3Steam-Cold Water Cycling Test:
6.3.1Subject reprentative production samples of lined pipe andfittings to steam-cold water cycling to determine the ability of the lined components to withstand rapid temperature changes.Test a minimum of two pipe spools,tees,and90°elbows in each size.
6.3.2Procedure—Asmble lined pipe andfittings with suitableflanges having provision for the introduction of steam air,cold water,and for drainage.Install theflange using the manufacturer’s recommended torque value.Pipe spool length shall be10ft(3m)minimum.Mount the sample in such a manner as to permit complete drainage and venting.
Then
subject the sample to100concutive steam-cold-water cycles, each consisting of the following in the quence given:
6.3.2.1Circulate gage saturated steam at the pressure listed in Table10through the sample until the ferrous housing skin temperature adjacent to theflange at the outlet end of the sample has not changed more than5°F(3°C)in10min.
6.3.2.2Clo off the steam.
6.3.2.3Circulate water at a maximum temperature of77°F (25°C).Circulate the cooling water until the ferrous housing skin temperature adjacent to theflange at the outlet end of the sample measures122°F(50°C)or lower.
6.3.2.4Vent and introduce air to purge the sample for a minimum of1min making certain that it is completely drained of water.
6.3.3Inspection—There shall be no evidence of leakage from the venting system or from behind the plastic faces during the100cycles.At the completion of the test,the liner shall exhibit no buckling or cracking.On PFA,PTFE,and FEP, formation of water blisters shall not be cau for rejection.
N OTE7—The surface blisters are formed due to absorption of the steam vapors by the liner and subquent condensation in the liner.The blisters do not adverly affect liner performance.
6.3.4Subject the lined pipes orfittings to either the hydro-static test described in Section7or,after drying,to the electrostatic test described in Section
7.
6.4Vacuum Testing:
6.4.1Test reprentative samples of lined pipe andfittings to determine the vacuum ratings of the lined components.Test a minimum of two pipe spools,tees,and90°elbows in each size.Conduct tests at room temperature,at the manufacturer’s maximum recommended rvice temperature,and at one inter-mediate temperature level.Full vacuum is defined as29.6in. Hg corrected to a level.
N OTE8—Vacuum temperature ratings for pipe andfittings are pub-lished in the manufacturer’s literature.
N OTE9—The vacuum test is performed on pipe andfittings that have not been expod to prior rvice.U in specific environments may alter the vacuum-temperature ratings.
6.4.2Procedure—For pipe spools,specimen lengths shall be at least10pipe diameters.Install aflange incorporating a sight glass at one end and aflange suitable for drawing a vacuum at the other end.Aff
ix a thermocouple to the ferrous housing to measure the temperature.Heat the specimens uniformly externally with the sight glass end visible.Begin the test after the desired ferrous housing temperature has been reached.Hold a lected initial vacuum level for8h,and if no failure occurs,increa the vacuum by5in.Hg.Repeat this every8h until failure or full vacuum is reached.Failure is defined as any buckling or collap of the liner.If failure occurs at the initial vacuum level lected,test a new test specimen at a lower vacuum level to determine the failure threshold.The vacuum failure threshold is defined as1in.Hg below that at which failure occurs.
N OTE10—The external pressure method to simulate higher than full vacuum can be ud to establish the failure threshold when full vacuum is achieved.With the u of pressure taps,a pressure is applied between the plastic liner outside diameter and the pipe inside diameter.
6.4.3The vacuum rating shall be80%of the failure threshold value.
6.4.4At the test completion and after establishing the vacuum rating,place a duplicate specimen in an oven at the test temperature.Apply the rated vacuum to the specimen after the desired skin temperature has been reached.Achieve the rated vacuum within2min and apply continuously for48h.If no liner buckling or collap occurs,the rated vacuum shall be considered acceptable.
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6.5Retest—When a test specimen fails to meet the require-ments of either6.1.3,6.2.3,6.3.3,6.3.4,6.4.2,or6.4.4,correct the cau of failure and repeat the specified test.
7.Inspection Tests
7.1Hydrostatic Pressure Test—The internal test pressure shall be250psi(1.7MPa)minimum for Class125(0.9-MPa) components and425psi(2.9MPa)minimum for Class150 (1.0-MPa)and Class300(2.1-MPa)components.Conduct the test at ambient temperature.Completelyfill the pipe andfitting with clean water and bleed the system free of all air prior to the application of pressure.Reach full test pressure within1min and maintain for a further3min.Obrve the pressure gage throughout the test for any evidence of leakage,which shall be cau for rejection.
7.2Electrostatic Test—Conduct the test with a nondestruc-tive high-voltage tester at an output voltage of10kV.A visible or audible spark,or both,that occurs at the probe when electrical contact is made with the housing becau of a defect in the liner shall be cau for rejection.
8.Finish
8.1The outside surface of all lined pipe andfittings,other than stainless steel,shall be coated with a corrosion-resistant primer over a properly prepared surface.
9.Quality Assurance
9.1When the product is marked with this designation,F 1545,the manufacturer affirms that the product was manufac-tured,inspected,sampled and tested in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet the requirements of this specification
10.Marking
10.1Quality Assurance—When the product is marked with this ASTM designation,it affirms that the product was manu-factured,inspected,sampled,and tested in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet its requirements 10.2Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to the pipe in such a manner that it remains legible(easily read) after installation and inspection have been completed.
10.3The pipe andfittings shall be marked with the follow-ing information:
10.3.1Nominal pipe size,
10.3.2Liner material identification,
10.3.3Manufacturer’s name(or trademark),
10.3.4Length(on pipe only),and
10.3.5ASTM
designation.
10.4Other information such as order numbers,part num-bers,item numbers,and so forth shall be provided at the request of the purchar.
10.5Pipe liner identification shall be provided on a band utilizing raid letters.The band shall typically be located near the flange.
11.Packaging
11.1The gasket face of each spool shall be protected by end plates or other suitable protective means.
11.2Fittings shall have the same protective covers on the gasket faces unless protected by other means,such as indi-vidual boxing.12.Keywords
12.1plastic-lined ferrous metal fittings;plastic-lined ferrous metal flanges;plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe
improve是什么意思TABLE 1Specification Coverage
Material
ANSI Class Nominal Pipe Size,in.(mm)
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE)绯闻女孩第五季插曲
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150/3001to 10(25to 254)Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane)Copolymer (PFA)
150/3001/2to 12(13to 305)Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene)Copolymer (FEP)
150/3001to 12(25to 305)Poly(Vinylidene Chloride)(PVDC)125/150/3001to 8(25to 203)Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)(PVDF)150/3001to 10(25to 254)Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)Copolymer (PVDF)
150/3001to 10(25to 254)Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)150/3001/2to 24(13to 610)Propylene and Polypropylene (PP)
125/150/300
1/2to 16(13to
406)
