P H Y S I C A L H A Z A R D S Physical Hazards -Recognition, Evaluation and Control
I.RECOGNITION OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS
There is a lot more to laboratory safety than protecting yourlf from chemical
hazards. Physical hazards are the most common hazard in labs and in any work
place. Physical hazards are often related to the relea of stored energy, i.e. the energy stored in a pressure or vacuum vesl, electrical energy or the energy in moving
mechanical parts.
Physical hazards include but are not limited to:
•compresd gas •electrical •rearch animals •vacuum operations •machinery equipment •glassware
•distillations/extractions •centrifuges •oil and sand baths
II.EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS - "Examples"
A.Compresd Gas
The following safety precautions should be taken for all
types of cylinder usage.
•Be sure the contents are marked on the cylinder; never u cylinder paint colors as an indicator.
•Storage areas must be well ventilated.
•Keep the main cylinder valves clod when not in u.
•The valve-protection cap should always be kept on until the cylinder is ready for u.
impreza•Always transport cylinders using a suitable hand truck with a tie-down chain; NEVER roll, pull, or drag cylinders.
•Always double chain compresd gas cylinders parately to the wall to prevent falls.
•Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety goggles or face shield, gloves and steel-toed safety shoes, as necessary.
•Clearly mark "EMPTY" or "MT" cylinders and store parately from full ones.
•Always u pressure-reducing regulators.
P H Y S I C A L H A Z A R D S
•Install shut-off valves and check valves. Assure flashback arrestor is ud for flammable gas.
•Do not allow grea or oil on oxygen regulators.
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•Store flammables and oxidizers apart by at least 20 feet or parated by a wall.
•Always wear safety glass when handling tubing on compresd gas.
•Gas cabinets: The cabinets offer added protection from toxic, flammable and corrosive gas by enclosing the cylinder(s) in a cabinet, which is
equipped with an exhaust system located at the top of the cabinet.
✓Should have perforated plate floor air inlet to ensure complete air distribution throughout the cabinet.
✓Should have a smooth top-to-stack transition at the top of the cabinet exhaust area to prevent possible air channeling.
1.Cryogenic Liquids and solids
•Avoid skin contact, and clothing like knitted mitts that can trap spilled liquid. U only well insulated gloves designed for the handling of super
cold materials.
•Be alert for the condensation and displacement of oxygen from air.
•U in a well ventilated area.
•U eye protection.
•Do not u standard "thermos" bottles. U high quality “doers” wrapped with cloth backed tape, like duct tape, to contain flying pieces in event of
an implosion.马丁路德金英文简介
2.Highly Toxic Gas (i.e. fluorine, ETO, and arsine)
•Always handle in a well-ventilated area such as inside a chemical fume hood or gas cabinet.
•Should a leak be detected, leave the cylinder inside a fume hood, clo the sash, evacuate the area immediately, and report to EH&S office.
NEVER attempt to move any leaking cylinder.
喜羊羊与灰太狼介绍3.Corrosive Gas
•Stored for the shortest possible periods before u, preferably less than 6 months.
•Storage area should be dry as possible.
•Do not be stored near instruments or devices nsitive to corrosion.
P H Y S I C A L H A Z A R D S
4.Acetylene
•Acetylene forms explosive compounds with copper, silver, and mercury.
•Avoid contact with the metals or their salts.
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•Never exceed the pressure limit indicated by the warning red line of an acetylene pressure gauge.
•Ensure outlet line of the cylinder is protected with a flash arrestor.
•Do not u a cylinder that has been stored in a non-upright position until it has remained in an upright position for at least 30 minutes.
B.Vacuum Operations
An operation involving an evacuated system where there exists a higher pressure on the outside rather than on the inside. The operations must be regarded as having an implosion hazard, which may result in flying glass, spattered chemicals and possibly fire.
•Always wear eye and/or face protection (i.e. face shields, safety goggles).
•Check all glass vesls and equipment for visible defects and ensure that they are specifically designed for such operations.
•U glassware specially designed with heavy walls.
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1.Vacuum Desiccators
•Should be enclod in a shield or wrapped with friction tape (i.e. vinyl electrical tape).
•Whenever possible, u plastic desiccators (i.e. polycarbonate).
2.Vacuum Pumps
•U a cold trap to protect the pump oil from getting contaminated with volatile substances.
•The output of each pump should be vented to an exhaust hood.
P H Y S I C A L H A Z A R D S C.Electrical Safety
Shock injuries are caud by the flow of electric current (amperage),
not the voltage (i.e. 60/100 of an ampere, just enough to light an
ordinary Christmas tree light, may kill if it pass through the chest).
•Grounding should be provided for all electrical equipment, machinery, portable tools, extension cords and other electrical systems; grounding
provides a safe path for electricity to the ground, preventing leakage of
current in circuits or equipment.
•Maintain three-foot clearance around electrical switches.
•All electrical equipment must have UL approval.
•Inspect all equipment periodically for defects or damage.
•Maintain all equipment in proper operating condition; e that necessary repairs are carried out.
•Be sure to de-energize all electrical equipment before inspecting or making repairs. (Call EH&S at 752-1493 for Lockout/Tagout procedures).
•Do not overload circuits and wiring.
•All cords that are worn, frayed, abraded, corroded or otherwi damaged must be replaced.
•Do not yank cords to disconnect them; keep all cords away from heat, oil and sharp edges.
•Ensure live parts of electrical equipment operating at 50 volts or more is guarded against accidental contact.
•Be sure that ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) are ud in high-risk areas such as wet locations (GFCI's are designed to shut off electrical
power within as little as 1/40 of a cond).
D.Machinery Equipment
Examples: Rotating equipment or apparatus that can trap clothing, hair, or body parts; vacuum pumps, centrifuges, mechanical stirrers and rotary evaporators;
hazardous grinding, drilling, and cutting equipment in shops.
•Do not u a piece of equipment until you are instructed in its proper u.
•Do not remove guards or safety interlocks devices.
•U the appropriate personal protective devices: glass, gloves, goggles or face shield.
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E.Rearch Animals
•Keep cages clean and rooms well ventilated.
•Maintain a high standard of personal hygiene.
•Wear gloves to avoid dias and to protect against bites.
•Follow guidelines for animal handling in "Guide to the Care and U of Laboratory Animals", NIH (National Institute of Health) No. 78-23
microblog(1978).
•Follow UCI Animal Rearch Committee Policy and Procedures for handling animals.
P H Y S I C A L H A Z A R D S F.Glassware Safety
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•Inspect glassware for cracks and defects before using.
•For heating and pressurize operations, ensure that appropriate glass is ud. Borosilicate glassware is recommended for all laboratory glassware
except for special experiments that u UV or other light sources.
1.Cutting glass
•Place tubing on a hard surface and nick glass surface with a triangular file.
•Always wrap the glass tubing in a cloth before attempting to break it.
•If the tubing doesn’t easily break, the nick is to shallow; try again.
2.Broken glass
•Clean all broken glass using a broom and pan; avoid picking up broken glass with your hands.
•Dispo of broken glass properly and label “Broken Glass”.
•Contaminated glass must be place in appropriate durable chemical waste container.
丢卒保车G.Oil and Sand Baths
•Avoid spilling water and other volatile substances.
•Silicone oil should be ud for temperatures.
•Oil baths left unattended should be fitted with thermal nsing devices that will turn off the electric power of the bath overheats.
•Care must be taken to keep salt baths dry becau they are hygroscopic.
H.Distillations and Extractions
1.Distillations
•Do not distill or evaporate organic solvents to dryness unless they are known to be free of peroxides.
2.Extractions
•Do not attempt any extraction until the solution is cooler than the boiling point of the extractant.
•Do not vent the paratory funnel near a flame or other ignition source.
P H Y S I C A L H A Z A R D S I.Centrifuges
