physical assisted suicide阅读理解
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine eks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have ud that principle in recent years to justify using high dos of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation tonel control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpo, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient us the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery," he says, "We don√t call tho deathstownship>received什么意思 homicides becau the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death.lf 回报英语you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."on another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted suicide debate has lskwenbeen fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physicalagony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science(NAS) relead a two volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive u of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end of life care.
函授大专
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowle
dge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital bad care, and to develop new standards for asssing and treating pain at the end of life.
Ann as says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that the well meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians em unconcerned with the pain their patients are
needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abu."He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are节奏感强的英文歌曲 incompetently managed and should result in licen suspension."
56.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .
[A] doctors ud to increa drug dosages to control their patients pain
[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
[C]the Supreme Court strongly oppos physician assisted suicide
[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death
[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery
[C]The Court ruled that high dosage pain relieving medication can be prescribed
[D] A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions
58.According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end of life care is
[A] prolonged medical procedures
convince[B]inadequate treatment of pain
[C] systematic drug abu
[D] insufficient hospital care
59.Which of the following best defines the word "aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7)?
[A] Bold.
[B] Harmful.
[2016年4月2日C]Careless.
[D] Desperate.
60.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .
[A] manage their patients incompetently
[B] give patients more medicine than needed
[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients
[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients
