Unit 1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study
evolution n. the process of developing发展
generalize compoundsv. to infer from many particulars概括
autobiography n. the biography of a person written by that person 自传
memoir n. an account of the person experiences of an author 回忆录，自传
extremely ad. Being in or attaining the greatest or highest degree 极度地
anthropologist n. someone who studies anthropology 人类学家
perspective n. the way in which a situation or problem in judged so that proper consideration is given to each part 合理观察，视角
turnover疯狂农庄 n. the number of workers hired by an establishment to replace tho who have left in a given period of time 人员更替数
approach n. the method ud in dealing with or accomplishing 方法
contingency n. a possibility that must be prepared for可能事件，可能出现的情况
dynamic a. characterized by continuous change 不断变化的
confrontation n. despaireddiscord or a clash of opinions and ideas 观点或思想的不断冲撞
incur v. to acquire or come into 获得
compromi v. something that combines qualities or elements of different things折中
interdependent a. mutually dependent 互相依存的
characteristic n. a feature that helps to identify 特性
popularity n. the quality or state of being popular 普及
sole a. of or relating to only one individual or group 单独的
reliance n. the act of relying or the state of being reliant 依赖，依靠
sufficient a. being as much as is needed 充足的
alliance n. the act of becoming allied or the condition of being allied 结盟
demographic n. of or relating to demography 人口统计
complement v. to rve as a complement to 补足
Unit 2 The Scope of Management
entail v. to have, impo, or require as a necessary accompaniment or conquence 伴随
conform新概念英语mp3 v. to act or be in accord or agreement 使和谐一致
envision v. to picture in the mind 想象
affordable a. that can be afforded 买得起的
strive v. to exert much effort or energy 努力
mission n. special assignment given to a person or group 任务
informercial n. a commercial television program or relatively long commercial gment offering consumer information 商业信息片
franchi n. authorization granted to someone to ll or distribute a company’s goods or rvices in a certain area 特许经营权
tactical 人造纤维a. of, relating to, or using tactics 战术的
departmental a. 部门的
peer n.英国征收数字税 a person who has equal standing with another or others 同等的人，与他人在爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人
interpersonal 大耳朵英语网站a. relating to, occurring among, or involving veral people 人与人之间的
foster v. to promote the growth and development of 促进
pervasive a. having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate 渗透性的
stakeholder n. one who has a share or an interest 股东
flourish v. to be in a period of highest productivity 活跃
automotive a. moving by itlf 自动的
nonroutine n. 非常规程序
analogue n. something that bears an analogy to something el 类似情况
Unit 3 What are Orgnizations ?
beast n. something a thing 事物
organization n. a group of people with special purpo, such as a club or business 团体，组织，机构，社团
invention n. something invented 发明物
contrivance n. device or tool, esp. one made by an individual for a particular puipo 发
明物；器械
金针菇的营养价值
patronage n. all the patrons of a shop, hotel, etc, as a group 为了赞助而产生的
impact n. the force of an idea, invention, system, etc. 影响力
perspective n. the way in which a matter is judged, so that consideration and importance is five to each part 判断事物的方法
association n. the act of joining or the state of being joined with somebody or something 联合；结合；结交
very a. (ud for giving force to an expression)(用于强调)正是；完全；实在
whim n. a sudden idea or wish, often not reasonable 突起的（怪）念头；一时的兴致
fancy n. an image, opinion, or idea imagined and not bad on fact 无事实根据的幻觉，意见或看法
achieve v. to finish successfully 完成；实现
soul n. a person 人；灵魂
guidelines n. the main points about something which is to be dealt with 指导方针；行动纲领
bridge v. to build a brige across 架桥
gap n. an amount of distance pr difference 差异；差距；歧异
by virtue of in virtue of 依靠；由于misaya什么意思
andidasurvival n. something which has continued to exist from an earlier time 生存
behavior n. way of behaving 行为；举动
subt n. a t contained within a t 子集
maintenance n. the act of maintaining 维持；维护；保养；赡养
turnover n. the number of workers that are hired by a firm to fill the places of workers wh
o have left in a particular period 人员更新
