英语动词不定式的⽤法总结
英语动词不定式的⽤法总结
动名词与不定式 1） 动名词与不定式的区别： 动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，⼼境，抽象，经常性，已发⽣的 不定式表达的是： ⽬的，结果，原因，具体，⼀次性，将发⽣的 2）接不定式或动名词，意义相同。 3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组： 1 stop to do stop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3 remember
to do remember doing 4 regret to do regret doing 5 cea to do cea doing 6 try to do try doing 7 go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do afraid doing 9 interested to do interested doing 10 mean to do mean doing 11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
不定式的时态和语态 时态\语态 主动 被动
⼀般式 to do to be done
进⾏式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进⾏式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：⼀般现在时表⽰的动词，有时与谓语动词表⽰的动作同时发⽣，有时发⽣在谓语动词的动作之后。
He ems to know this.
I hope to e you again. = I hope that I’ll e you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表⽰的动作发⽣在谓语动词表⽰的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He ems to have caught a cold.
书籍是人类进步的阶梯3) 进⾏时： 表⽰动作正在进⾏，与谓语动词表⽰的动作同时发⽣。
He ems to be eating something.
4) 完成进⾏时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
不定式的特殊句型Why not "Why not +动词原形"表达向某⼈提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "⼲吗不……?" 例如： Why not take a holiday? ⼲吗不去度假?
不定式的特殊句型so as to 1） 表⽰⽬的；它的否定式是so as not to do。 Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lo his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的⼯作。 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴⼉。 2) so kind as to ---劳驾 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在⼏点了。
不定式的特殊句型too…to… 1）too…to 太…以⾄于… He is too excited to
speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? ---- Well, I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不⽤了。这箱⼦太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。 2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句⼦⽤否定词表达
肯定， too 后那个词表达⼀种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。 It’s never too late to mend. (谚语) 改过不嫌晚。 3) 当too 前⾯有only, all, but时，意思是：⾮常… 等于very。
I’m only too plead to be able to help you. 我⾮常⾼兴能帮助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他⾮常想回家。
动词不定式的否定式 Tell him not to shut the window… She pretended not to e me when I pasd by. 我⾛过的时候，她假装没看见。 典型例题 1）Tell him ___ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth. 2) She pretended ___ me when I pasd by. A. not to e B. not eing C. to not e D. having not en 答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。 3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案：A。warn sb to do sth.
的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处⽤的是否定词never. 4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只⽤to这个词，⽽不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。 5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 答案：C。warn⼀词要求后⽤不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
动词不定式的句⼦成分
不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后⾯，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor. 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
蓝猫龙骑团第二季
So he made some candles to give light.
不定式作状语 1）⽬的状语 To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第⼀班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句⼦后⾯。 What have I said to make you angry. He arched the room only to find nothing. 3) 表原因 I’m glad to e you. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be at D. be sat on 答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连⽤时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。行尸走肉第六季什么时候出
不定式主语 1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not
enough It’s so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声⾳真⾼兴。 It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not u it. 当你不⽤车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, lfish(⾃私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然
相信了他。 It emed lfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太⾃私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可⽤于此句型 2)不定式作为句⼦成分时，动词⽤单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句⼦中⼜有⼀个不定式作表语时，不能⽤It is… to…的句型 (对)To e is to believe. 百闻不如⼀见。 (错)It is to believe to e.
不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advi allow appoint believe cau challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require lect nd state suppo tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句： a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. ⽗亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。opendoor
Find 的特殊⽤法：
Find 后可⽤分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find 后也可带⼀个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后⾯，⽤分词或分词短语，起宾语补⾜语作⽤。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进⾏，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, e(理解), show, suppo, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学⽣之⼀。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have inventednuclearenergy
D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这⼀个事实，不定式后⽤原形即可。⽽C为现在完成时，发明为点动词⼀般不⽤完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be suppod, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
儿童节快乐的英语
⼈们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式 love
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多⼈在哪⾥。
注意 ： 有些动词需⽤as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的⽼师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作⾃⼰的⽗亲。
不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choo come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promi refu em tend wait wish undertake 举例： The driver failed to e the other car in
time. 司机没能及时看见另⼀辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。小学六年级语文教学总结
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choo, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promi, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
asonedecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, e, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Plea show us how to do that. 请演⽰给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录⾳机，我都拿不定主意买哪⼀种。
注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词⽤单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
trashy 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
